Numeri 13:31 (Numbers 13:31)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:31 Inter hæc Caleb compescens murmur populi, qui oriebatur contra Moysen, ait: Ascendamus, et possideamus Terram, quoniam poterimus obtinere eam.

Meanwhile Caleb, restraining the murmuring of the people which was arising against Moyses, said: “Let us go up, and let us possess the land, because we will be able to obtain it.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Inter among PREP+ACC
2 hæc these things ACC.PL.N DEM
3 Caleb Caleb NOM.SG.M
4 compescens restraining NOM.SG.M PRES.PTCP.ACT
5 murmur murmuring ACC.SG.N
6 populi of the people GEN.SG.M
7 qui which NOM.SG.N REL
8 oriebatur was arising 3SG.IMP.DEP.IND
9 contra against PREP+ACC
10 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
11 ait he said 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 Ascendamus let us go up 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
13 et and CONJ
14 possideamus let us possess 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
15 Terram the land ACC.SG.F
16 quoniam because CONJ
17 poterimus we will be able 1PL.FUT.ACT.IND
18 obtinere to obtain PRES.INF.ACT
19 eam it ACC.SG.F PERS

Syntax

Prepositional Phrase: Inter hæc sets the narrative context.

Main Clause: Caleb ait introduces the speaker.

Participial Phrase: compescens murmur populi describes Caleb’s action.

Relative Clause: qui oriebatur contra Moysen explains the murmuring.

Jussive Clause: Ascendamus et possideamus Terram expresses exhortation.

Causal Clause: quoniam poterimus obtinere eam gives the reason.

Morphology

  1. Inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces context; Translation: among; Notes: Indicates surrounding circumstances.
  2. hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of Inter; Translation: these things; Notes: Refers to preceding events.
  3. Caleb — Lemma: Caleb; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Caleb; Notes: Speaker.
  4. compescens — Lemma: compesco; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Caleb; Translation: restraining; Notes: Describes action.
  5. murmur — Lemma: murmur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter third declension; Function: object of participle; Translation: murmuring; Notes: Discontent.
  6. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the people; Notes: Source.
  7. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to murmur.
  8. oriebatur — Lemma: orior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect deponent indicative third person singular; Function: verb; Translation: was arising; Notes: Gradual action.
  9. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces opposition; Translation: against; Notes: Hostility.
  10. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Leader opposed.
  11. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he said; Notes: Introduces speech.
  12. Ascendamus — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive first person plural; Function: jussive; Translation: let us go up; Notes: Exhortation.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects; Translation: and; Notes: Adds action.
  14. possideamus — Lemma: possideo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive first person plural; Function: jussive; Translation: let us possess; Notes: Exhortation.
  15. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: the land; Notes: Goal.
  16. quoniam — Lemma: quoniam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces cause; Translation: because; Notes: Reason.
  17. poterimus — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative first person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: we will be able; Notes: Confidence.
  18. obtinere — Lemma: obtineo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to obtain; Notes: Completes verb.
  19. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to land.

 

Numeri 13:31 (Numbers 13:31) = Numeri 13:30 (Numbers 13:30)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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