Numeri 14:33 (Numbers 14:33)

Posted on May 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 14:33 Filii vestri erunt vagi in deserto annis quadraginta, et portabunt fornicationem vestram, donec consumantur cadavera patrum in deserto,

Your sons shall be wanderers in the desert for forty years, and they shall bear your fornication, until the corpses of your fathers are consumed in the desert,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
2 vestri your POSS.NOM.PL.M
3 erunt they will be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
4 vagi wanderers NOM.PL.M
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 deserto desert ABL.SG.N
7 annis years ABL.PL.M
8 quadraginta forty INDECL
9 et and CONJ
10 portabunt they will bear 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 fornicationem fornication ACC.SG.F
12 vestram your POSS.ACC.SG.F
13 donec until CONJ
14 consumantur they are consumed 3PL.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
15 cadavera corpses NOM.PL.N
16 patrum of fathers GEN.PL.M
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 deserto desert ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause: Filii vestri is the subject, with vestri modifying Filii, and erunt is the future verb linking to the predicate vagi.

Prepositional Phrase: in deserto indicates location, while annis quadraginta expresses duration of time.

Coordinated Clause: et portabunt fornicationem vestram adds a second future action, with fornicationem vestram as the direct object.

Temporal Clause: donec consumantur cadavera patrum expresses the endpoint of the action, with consumantur in the subjunctive.

Prepositional Phrase: in deserto again specifies location for the final clause.

Morphology

  1. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative masculine plural, second declension; Function: Subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to descendants of the addressed group.
  2. vestri — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Modifies Filii; Translation: your; Notes: Agrees in case, number, and gender with Filii.
  3. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural future active indicative; Function: Linking verb; Translation: they will be; Notes: Introduces predicate nominative.
  4. vagi — Lemma: vagus; Part of Speech: Adjective used substantively; Form: Nominative masculine plural; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: wanderers; Notes: Describes a state of roaming or instability.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates position within a place.
  6. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: Object of in; Translation: desert; Notes: Refers to wilderness region.
  7. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative masculine plural, second declension; Function: Ablative of duration; Translation: years; Notes: Indicates time span.
  8. quadraginta — Lemma: quadraginta; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Modifies annis; Translation: forty; Notes: Specifies duration.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Joins related actions.
  10. portabunt — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural future active indicative, first conjugation; Function: Verb of second clause; Translation: they will bear; Notes: Indicates carrying or enduring consequence.
  11. fornicationem — Lemma: fornicatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: fornication; Notes: Often metaphorical for unfaithfulness.
  12. vestram — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: Accusative feminine singular; Function: Modifies fornicationem; Translation: your; Notes: Agrees with fornicationem.
  13. donec — Lemma: donec; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Introduces temporal clause; Translation: until; Notes: Governs subjunctive in this context.
  14. consumantur — Lemma: consumo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Third person plural present passive subjunctive, third conjugation; Function: Verb of temporal clause; Translation: they are consumed; Notes: Subjunctive expresses anticipated completion.
  15. cadavera — Lemma: cadaver; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative neuter plural, third declension; Function: Subject of consumantur; Translation: corpses; Notes: Refers to bodies of the previous generation.
  16. patrum — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive masculine plural, third declension; Function: Modifies cadavera; Translation: of fathers; Notes: Indicates possession or relation.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Preposition governing ablative; Function: Introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: Repeated for emphasis of place.
  18. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: Object of in; Translation: desert; Notes: Same setting as earlier clause.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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