Numeri 28:25 (Numbers 28:25)

Posted on May 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 28:25 Dies quoque septimus celeberrimus et sanctus erit vobis: omne opus servile non facietis in eo.

The seventh day also shall be most solemn and holy for you; you shall do no servile work on it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dies day NOM.SG.M
2 quoque also ADV
3 septimus seventh NOM.SG.M
4 celeberrimus most-solemn NOM.SG.M.SUPER
5 et and CONJ
6 sanctus holy NOM.SG.M
7 erit shall-be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 vobis for-you DAT.PL.PERS
9 omne every ACC.SG.N
10 opus work ACC.SG.N
11 servile servile ACC.SG.N
12 non not ADV
13 facietis you-shall-do 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
14 in on PREP+ABL
15 eo it ABL.SG.M.DEM

Syntax

Main Clause: Dies septimus (subject) + erit (verb) + celeberrimus et sanctus (predicate adjectives).

Dative Phrase: vobis — dative of reference, indicating that the day is set apart for the people.

Second Clause: non facietis (verb) + omne opus servile (direct object).

Prepositional Phrase: in eo — specifies the day on which the prohibition against labor applies.

Predicate Description: celeberrimus et sanctus — describes the seventh day as exceptionally distinguished and consecrated.

Morphology

  1. Dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine, 5th Declension; Function: Subject; Translation: “day”; Notes: Refers to the final day of the feast.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adds emphasis or inclusion; Translation: “also”; Notes: Indicates that this day shares the sacred status of the first day.
  3. septimus — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Numeral Adjective; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Modifies Dies; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Identifies the concluding day of the seven-day feast.
  4. celeberrimus — Lemma: celebris; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative singular masculine superlative; Function: Predicate adjective; Translation: “most solemn”; Notes: Expresses the highest degree of festal significance and public observance.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects predicate adjectives; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins the descriptions of the day.
  6. sanctus — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Predicate adjective; Translation: “holy”; Notes: Indicates that the day is consecrated to God.
  7. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future active indicative, 3rd person singular; Function: Main verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: States the prescribed status of the day.
  8. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun; Form: Dative plural; Function: Dative of reference; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Refers to the covenant community.
  9. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “every”; Notes: Gives comprehensive scope to the prohibition.
  10. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative singular neuter, 3rd Declension; Function: Direct object; Translation: “work”; Notes: Refers to labor or occupational activity.
  11. servile — Lemma: servilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative singular neuter; Function: Modifies opus; Translation: “servile”; Notes: Refers to ordinary labor and occupational tasks.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Negates the verb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Creates a prohibition.
  13. facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Future active indicative, 2nd person plural; Function: Main verb of the prohibition; Translation: “you shall do”; Notes: Commands the people to refrain from labor.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the ablative; Function: Introduces temporal reference; Translation: “on”; Notes: Specifies the day during which the prohibition applies.
  15. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun; Form: Ablative singular masculine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers back to the seventh day.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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