Genesis 25:2

Posted on January 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 25:2 quæ peperit ei Zamran et Iecsan, et Madam, et Madian, et Iesboc, et Sue.

who bore to him Zamran and Jecsan, and Madam, and Madian, and Jesboc, and Sue.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quæ who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.F
2 peperit bore 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 ei to him PRON.DAT.SG.3RD
4 Zamran Zimran PROP.N.ACC.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 Iecsan Jokshan PROP.N.ACC.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 Madam Medan PROP.N.ACC.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 Madian Midian PROP.N.ACC.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 Iesboc Ishbak PROP.N.ACC.SG.M
13 et and CONJ
14 Sue Shuah PROP.N.ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: quæ (Relative pronoun; Subject) + peperit (Finite verb) + Zamran … Iecsan … Madam … Madian … Iesboc … Sue (Coordinated direct objects).
Phrase: ei — Dative of advantage/indirect object (“to him”), specifying the recipient of the offspring.
Clause Function: Relative clause modifying antecedent (understood from context, i.e., uxorem Ceturam), providing content of what she bore.

Morphology

  1. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Subject of peperit referring to the wife (Keturah); Translation: “who”; Notes: Agrees in gender and number with its antecedent and in case by its syntactic role.
  2. peperit — Lemma: pario; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: Main verb of the clause; Translation: “bore”; Notes: Perfect tense marks completed past action in narrative sequence.
  3. ei — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Personal/weak demonstrative pronoun; Form: Dative singular (masculine by context); Function: Indirect object (“to him” = Abraham); Translation: “to him”; Notes: Dative of advantage/recipient common with verbs of giving or bearing.
  4. Zamran — Lemma: Zamran; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine (indeclinable form used as object); Function: Direct object of peperit; Translation: “Zamran”; Notes: Many biblical names are treated as indeclinable in Latin transmission.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Coordinating conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Links coordinated objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Repeated (polysyndeton) to list offspring distinctly.
  6. Iecsan — Lemma: Iecsan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Coordinated direct object; Translation: “Iecsan”; Notes: Latinized biblical name; orthography varies across traditions.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Coordinating conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains parallelism across the list.
  8. Madam — Lemma: Madam; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Coordinated direct object; Translation: “Madam”; Notes: Proper-name form as presented in the supplied Latin; treated as indeclinable in context.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Coordinating conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins subsequent object.
  10. Madian — Lemma: Madian; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Coordinated direct object; Translation: “Madian”; Notes: Name later associated with Midianite lineage in biblical tradition.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Coordinating conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the asyndetic rhythm with consistent connectors.
  12. Iesboc — Lemma: Iesboc; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Coordinated direct object; Translation: “Iesboc”; Notes: Latinized form; often treated as indeclinable in Vulgate usage.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Coordinating conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Final coordinator; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces the last element of the list.
  14. Sue — Lemma: Sue; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Coordinated direct object; Translation: “Sue”; Notes: Proper-name form preserved as supplied; final item in coordinated series.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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