Genesis 25:3

Posted on January 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 25:3 Iecsan quoque genuit Saba, et Dadan. Filii Dadan fuerunt Assurim, et Latusim, et Loomin.

And Iecsan also begot Saba and Dadan. The sons of Dadan were Assurim, and Latusim, and Loomin.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Iecsan Jokshan NOM.SG.M
2 quoque also ADV
3 genuit begot 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 Saba Sheba ACC.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 Dadan Dedan ACC.SG.M
7 Filii sons NOM.PL.M
8 Dadan of Dedan GEN.SG.M
9 fuerunt were 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
10 Assurim Asshurim NOM.PL.M
11 et and CONJ
12 Latusim Letushim NOM.PL.M
13 et and CONJ
14 Loomin Leummim NOM.PL.M

Syntax

First Clause: Iecsan (Subject) + genuit (Verb) + Saba et Dadan (Direct Objects).
Phrase: quoque — Adverb modifying genuit, indicating inclusion or addition (“also”).
Second Clause: Filii Dadan (Subject) + fuerunt (Verb) + Assurim, et Latusim, et Loomin (Predicate nominatives).
Clause Function: Coordination of genealogical statements; second clause defines descendants of Dadan.

Morphology

  1. Iecsan — Lemma: Iecsan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject of genuit; Translation: “Iecsan”; Notes: Name of one of the sons of Ceturah, used here as a nominative subject.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adverb modifying the verb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds emphasis to the inclusion of Iecsan among those who begot descendants.
  3. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: Predicate verb; Translation: “begot”; Notes: Refers to fathering offspring; used frequently in genealogical contexts.
  4. Saba — Lemma: Saba; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Direct object of genuit; Translation: “Saba”; Notes: Name of a descendant nation, sometimes associated with Sheba.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Connects coordinated objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Used frequently in genealogical lists to link descendants.
  6. Dadan — Lemma: Dadan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Direct object of genuit; Translation: “Dadan”; Notes: Proper name of a descendant of Keturah’s line, later progenitor of Dadanites.
  7. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Subject of fuerunt; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Refers to descendants; nominative plural agrees with predicate nominatives.
  8. Dadan — Lemma: Dadan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Genitive singular masculine; Function: Possessive modifier of Filii; Translation: “of Dadan”; Notes: Indicates lineage or descent.
  9. fuerunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative, third person plural; Function: Copulative verb linking subject and predicate; Translation: “were”; Notes: Common narrative form marking completed identity or state.
  10. Assurim — Lemma: Assurim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: “Assurim”; Notes: Plural form representing a tribal group descended from Dadan.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects subsequent names in the list of sons.
  12. Latusim — Lemma: Latusim; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: “Latusim”; Notes: Another tribal group descended from Dadan.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins the final element in the list.
  14. Loomin — Lemma: Loomin; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Predicate nominative; Translation: “Loomin”; Notes: Final element in genealogical triad; plural denotes collective tribal designation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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