Genesis 36:23

Posted on February 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 36:23 Et isti filii Sobal: Alvan et Manahat et Ebal, et Sepho et Onam.

And these are the sons of Sobal: Alvan, and Manahat, and Ebal, and Sepho, and Onam.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 isti these PRON.DEM.NOM.PL.M
3 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
4 Sobal of Shobal PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
5 Alvan Alvan PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Manahat Manahath PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 Ebal Ebal PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Sepho Shepho PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
12 et and CONJ
13 Onam Onam PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Et isti filii Sobal —
Conjunction Et introduces continuation; isti as subject (“these”), filii as predicate nominative, and Sobal as genitive of possession (“of Shobal”).
Appositive List: Alvan et Manahat et Ebal, et Sepho et Onam —
Five coordinate nominative proper names listing the sons of Shobal.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective linking genealogical clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces a new lineage entry.
  2. isti — Lemma: iste, ista, istud; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of implied sunt; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the individuals being enumerated.
  3. filii — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Standard genealogical predicate.
  4. Sobal — Lemma: Sobal; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession modifying filii; Translation: “of Shobal”; Notes: Identifies paternal line.
  5. Alvan — Lemma: Alvan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Alvan”; Notes: First son of Shobal listed; initiates enumeration.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects following noun; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains coordination of list.
  7. Manahat — Lemma: Manahat; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Manahath”; Notes: Second son of Shobal, name of uncertain etymology.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects proper nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues genealogical enumeration.
  9. Ebal — Lemma: Ebal; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Ebal”; Notes: Third son in the list.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: conjunction before penultimate name; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains list rhythm.
  11. Sepho — Lemma: Sepho; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Shepho”; Notes: Fourth son; possibly associated with nomadic tribe.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: final connective; Translation: “and”; Notes: Precedes final element of the list.
  13. Onam — Lemma: Onam; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive to filii; Translation: “Onam”; Notes: Fifth and last son of Shobal; concludes genealogical series.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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