Exodus 10:18

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:18 Egressusque Moyses de conspectu Pharaonis, oravit Dominum.

And Moyses, having gone out from the presence of Pharao, prayed to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Egressusque and having gone out NOM.SG.M.PERF.ACT.PTCP+ENCLITIC
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 conspectu presence ABL.SG.M
5 Pharaonis of Pharaoh GEN.SG.M
6 oravit prayed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Participial Frame:
Subject: Moyses
Participle: Egressusque — circumstantial participle “and having gone out,” preceding the main action.
Prepositional Phrase: de conspectu Pharaonis — ablative of separation “from the presence of Pharaoh.”

Main Clause:
Subject: Moyses (carried over from participial phrase)
Verb: oravit — main finite verb “prayed.”
Object: Dominum — direct object “the LORD (YHWH).”

Morphology

  1. Egressusque — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect active participle of a deponent verb, with enclitic -que; Function: circumstantial participle modifying Moyses; Translation: “and having gone out”; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning; -que links this action to the previous narrative.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun (proper name); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of both the participle and the main verb; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Greek-type declension adapted into Latin.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: common preposition introducing an ablative of place from which.
  4. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: “presence”; Notes: ablative of separation, indicating the sphere Moses leaves.
  5. Pharaonis — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun (proper name); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive modifying conspectu; Translation: “of Pharaoh”; Notes: identifies whose presence is in view.
  6. oravit — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main finite verb of the sentence; Translation: “prayed”; Notes: completed, punctiliar act of intercession.
  7. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of oravit; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH and is translated with “LORD” in small caps style preference.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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