Exodus 10:26

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:26 Cuncti greges pergent nobiscum: non remanebit ex eis ungula: quæ necessaria sunt in cultum Domini Dei nostri: præsertim cum ignoremus quid debeat immolari, donec ad ipsum locum perveniamus.

All the flocks shall go with us; not a hoof from them will remain, for the things which are necessary for the worship of the LORD our God we must take, especially since we do not know what must be offered until we come to the place itself.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cuncti all NOM.PL.M
2 greges flocks NOM.PL.M
3 pergent shall go 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
4 nobiscum with us PREP+ABL
5 non not ADV.NEG
6 remanebit will remain 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 ex from PREP+ABL
8 eis them ABL.PL
9 ungula a hoof NOM.SG.F
10 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
11 necessaria necessary NOM.PL.N
12 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 in for PREP+ACC
14 cultum worship ACC.SG.M
15 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
16 Dei of God GEN.SG.M
17 nostri our GEN.SG.M
18 præsertim especially ADV
19 cum since CONJ
20 ignoremus we do not know 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
21 quid what ACC.SG.N.INTERROG
22 debeat must 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
23 immolari be offered PRES.PASS.INF
24 donec until CONJ
25 ad to PREP+ACC
26 ipsum the very ACC.SG.N
27 locum place ACC.SG.M
28 perveniamus we come 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Clause 1:
Subject: Cuncti greges
Verb: pergent — “shall go”
Complement: nobiscum

Clause 2 (negative assertion):
Verb: remanebit (fut.)
Negation: non
Subject: ungula
Prepositional Phrase: ex eis

Clause 3 (relative explanation):
quæ necessaria sunt in cultum Domini Dei nostri
— quæ = subject
— sunt = verb
— necessaria = predicate adjective
— in cultum… = purpose

Clause 4 (causal clause introduced by præsertim cum):
Verb: ignoremus (subj.)
Object: quid debeat immolari
— debeat immolari = subordinate passive obligation

Clause 5 (temporal clause):
donec ad ipsum locum perveniamus — “until we come to the place itself”

Morphology

  1. Cuncti — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies greges; Translation: “all”; Notes: totality emphasis.
  2. greges — Lemma: grex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “flocks”; Notes: plural of herding animals.
  3. pergent — Lemma: pergo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall go”; Notes: expresses insistence.
  4. nobiscum — Lemma: cum + nos; Part of Speech: prepositional phrase; Form: ablative plural; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with us”; Notes: enclitic cum.
  5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: absolute denial.
  6. remanebit — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb; Translation: “will remain”; Notes: guarantees total removal.
  7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: used with separative ablative.
  8. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: complements ex; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to flocks.
  9. ungula — Lemma: ungula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “a hoof”; Notes: idiom: “not a single hoof.”
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to sacrificial requirements.
  11. necessaria — Lemma: necessarius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “necessary”; Notes: describes cultic items.
  12. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative 3rd plural; Function: copula; Translation: “are”; Notes: equative.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: purpose; Translation: “for”; Notes: expresses intended use.
  14. cultum — Lemma: cultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “worship”; Notes: ritual service.
  15. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies cultum; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  16. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: “of God”; Notes: reinforcements of identity.
  17. nostri — Lemma: noster; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies Dei; Translation: “our”; Notes: covenant possession.
  18. præsertim — Lemma: præsertim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverbial; Function: intensifier; Translation: “especially”; Notes: introduces causal emphasis.
  19. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: introduces subjunctive clause; Translation: “since”; Notes: circumstantial cause.
  20. ignoremus — Lemma: ignoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 1st plural; Function: reason clause; Translation: “we do not know”; Notes: subjunctive with cum.
  21. quid — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: interrogative object; Translation: “what”; Notes: introduces indirect question.
  22. debeat — Lemma: debeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: obligation in indirect question; Translation: “must”; Notes: dependent on quid.
  23. immolari — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: “be offered”; Notes: passive verbal noun.
  24. donec — Lemma: donec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: temporal; Function: until-clause; Translation: “until”; Notes: introduces anticipated future event.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion toward.
  26. ipsum — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: intensifier modifying locum; Translation: “the very”; Notes: emphasizes precision.
  27. locum — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “place”; Notes: refers to worship site.
  28. perveniamus — Lemma: pervenio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 1st plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “we come”; Notes: subjunctive expresses anticipated event.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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