Exodus 12:14

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:14 Habebitis autem hunc diem in monimentum: et celebrabitis eam sollemnem Domino in generationibus vestris cultu sempiterno.

And you shall have this day as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a solemn feast to the LORD in your generations with perpetual observance.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Habebitis you shall have 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
2 autem however ADV
3 hunc this ACC.SG.M.DEM
4 diem day ACC.SG.M
5 in as PREP+ACC
6 monimentum memorial ACC.SG.N
7 et and CONJ
8 celebrabitis you shall celebrate 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
9 eam it ACC.SG.F.PRON
10 sollemnem solemn ACC.SG.F
11 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F
14 vestris your ABL.PL.F.ADJ
15 cultu with observance ABL.SG.M
16 sempiterno everlasting ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Main clause: Habebitis hunc diem in monimentum — “You shall have this day as a memorial.”
• Habebitis = verb
• hunc diem = direct object
• in monimentum = predicate construction (“as a memorial”)

Coordinated clause: et celebrabitis eam sollemnem Domino — “and you shall celebrate it as a solemn feast to the LORD”
• celebrabitis = verb
• eam = object referring back to diem
• sollemnem = predicate adjective
• Domino = dative of destination (“to the LORD”)

Prepositional phrase of duration: in generationibus vestris — “in your generations”

Ablative of manner: cultu sempiterno — “with perpetual observance.”

Morphology

  1. Habebitis — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall have”; Notes: expresses obligation.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: soft contrast; Translation: “however”; Notes: transitional particle.
  3. hunc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies diem; Translation: “this”; Notes: indicates specificity.
  4. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “day”; Notes: the Passover day.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces predicate complement; Translation: “as”; Notes: expresses role/purpose.
  6. monimentum — Lemma: monimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate complement; Translation: “memorial”; Notes: refers to a commemorative observance.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: connects two future obligations.
  8. celebrabitis — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall celebrate”; Notes: liturgical instruction.
  9. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to diem.
  10. sollemnem — Lemma: sollemnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective describing eam; Translation: “solemn”; Notes: indicates a sacred festival.
  11. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces a temporal setting; Translation: “in”; Notes: marks duration.
  13. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “generations”; Notes: refers to descendants.
  14. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies generationibus; Translation: “your”; Notes: communal observance.
  15. cultu — Lemma: cultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: “with observance”; Notes: refers to ritual practice.
  16. sempiterno — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies cultu; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: describes perpetual obligation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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