Exodus 26:19

Posted on March 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 26:19 Quibus quadraginta bases argenteas fundes, ut binæ bases singulis tabulis per duos angulos subiiciantur.

For which you shall cast forty silver bases, so that two bases may be placed under each board at its two corners.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quibus for which DAT.PL.F, PRON.REL
2 quadraginta forty INVAR, NUM.ADJ
3 bases bases ACC.PL.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
4 argenteas silver ACC.PL.F, ADJ, 1ST/2ND DECL
5 fundes you shall cast 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND, 3RD CONJ
6 ut so that CONJ, INDECL
7 binæ two each NOM.PL.F, NUM.ADJ (distributive)
8 bases bases NOM.PL.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
9 singulis for each DAT.PL.F, ADJ/PRON
10 tabulis boards DAT.PL.F, NOUN, 1ST DECL
11 per through/at PREP+ACC
12 duos two ACC.PL.M, NUM.ADJ
13 angulos corners ACC.PL.M, NOUN, 2ND DECL
14 subiiciantur may be placed under 3PL.PRES.PASS.SUBJ, 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Relative phrase:
• Quibus quadraginta bases argenteas fundes — “For which you shall cast forty silver bases”
— Quibus = dative referring to the twenty boards
— fundes = main verb, future indicative

Purpose clause (ut + subjunctive):
• ut binæ bases singulis tabulis subiiciantur — “so that two bases may be placed under each board”
— binæ = distributive numeral (“two each”)
— subiiciantur = present passive subjunctive (purpose)

Prepositional phrase:
• per duos angulos — “at its two corners”
— shows positioning of the bases beneath each board.

Morphology

  1. Quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: dative plural feminine; Function: indirect object referring to the boards; Translation: for which; Notes: links to the twenty boards previously mentioned.
  2. quadraginta — Lemma: quadraginta; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: invariable; Function: modifies bases; Translation: forty; Notes: cardinal numeral.
  3. bases — Lemma: basis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of fundes; Translation: bases; Notes: structural sockets for boards.
  4. argenteas — Lemma: argenteus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies bases; Translation: silver; Notes: material description.
  5. fundes — Lemma: fundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall cast; Notes: refers to metal casting of the bases.
  6. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: triggers subjunctive.
  7. binæ — Lemma: bini; Part of Speech: distributive numeral adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of subiiciantur; Translation: two each; Notes: distributives denote “two per board.”
  8. bases — Lemma: basis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of subiiciantur; Translation: bases; Notes: repeated for clarity.
  9. singulis — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun (distributive); Form: dative plural feminine; Function: indirect object; Translation: for each; Notes: modifies tabulis.
  10. tabulis — Lemma: tabula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural feminine; Function: indirect object; Translation: boards; Notes: recipients of the bases.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses spatial relation; Translation: at/through; Notes: indicates location.
  12. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies angulos; Translation: two; Notes: cardinal numeral.
  13. angulos — Lemma: angulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: corners; Notes: base placement points.
  14. subiiciantur — Lemma: subicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present passive subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: may be placed under; Notes: passive of physical positioning.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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