Leviticus 25:22

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:22 seretisque anno octavo, et comedetis veteres fruges usque ad nonum annum: donec nova nascantur, edetis vetera.

and you will sow in the eighth year, and you will eat the old produce until the ninth year; until new things are born, you will eat the old.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 seretisque and you will sow 2PL.FUT.IND.ACT+CONJ
2 anno in (the) year ABL.SG.M.2ND.DECL
3 octavo eighth ABL.SG.M.ORD.ADJ
4 et and CONJ
5 comedetis you will eat 2PL.FUT.IND.ACT
6 veteres old ACC.PL.F.ADJ
7 fruges produce ACC.PL.F.3RD.DECL
8 usque until ADV
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 nonum ninth ACC.SG.M.ORD.ADJ
11 annum year ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
12 donec until CONJ
13 nova new things NOM.PL.N.ADJ
14 nascantur are born 3PL.PRES.SUBJ.DEP
15 edetis you will eat 2PL.FUT.IND.ACT
16 vetera old things ACC.PL.N.ADJ

Syntax

Coordinated Futures: seretisque + comedetis — future indicatives describing normal agricultural resumption and continued provision.
Temporal Frame: anno octavo — ablative of time when, indicating the year after the sabbatical.
Extent Phrase: usque ad nonum annum — duration of reliance on stored produce.
Temporal Clause: donec nova nascantur — subordinate clause with present subjunctive marking anticipated limit.
Resumptive Main Clause: edetis vetera — reiteration emphasizing sufficiency until renewal.

Morphology

  1. seretisque — Lemma: sero; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future indicative active + enclitic -que; Function: coordinated main verb; Translation: and you will sow; Notes: Marks the resumption of cultivation after the sabbatical year.
  2. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, second declension; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: in (the) year; Notes: Establishes the chronological setting.
  3. octavo — Lemma: octavus; Part of Speech: ordinal adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: eighth; Notes: Identifies the first year following the sabbatical cycle.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links sowing and eating as parallel actions.
  5. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: you will eat; Notes: Describes continued consumption from prior abundance.
  6. veteres — Lemma: vetus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies fruges; Translation: old; Notes: Refers to stored produce from earlier years.
  7. fruges — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, third declension; Function: direct object of comedetis; Translation: produce; Notes: Agricultural yield preserved through the sabbatical.
  8. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks extent; Translation: until; Notes: Indicates the duration of reliance.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses limit; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the temporal boundary with usque.
  10. nonum — Lemma: nonus; Part of Speech: ordinal adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies annum; Translation: ninth; Notes: Specifies the terminal point of the provision.
  11. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: year; Notes: Marks the arrival of renewed harvest.
  12. donec — Lemma: donec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: until; Notes: Sets a clear terminus for the preceding action.
  13. nova — Lemma: novus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of nascantur; Translation: new things; Notes: Refers to newly grown produce.
  14. nascantur — Lemma: nascor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person plural present subjunctive; Function: verb of the temporal clause; Translation: are born; Notes: Subjunctive reflects anticipation rather than completed fact.
  15. edetis — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: resumptive main verb; Translation: you will eat; Notes: Repetition underscores certainty of provision.
  16. vetera — Lemma: vetus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of edetis; Translation: old things; Notes: Concludes the promise with emphasis on sufficiency from prior blessing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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