Leviticus 25:27

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:27 computabuntur fructus ex eo tempore quo vendidit: et quod reliquum est, reddet emptori, sicque recipiet possessionem suam.

the produce shall be calculated from the time when he sold it, and what remains he shall give back to the buyer, and thus he shall receive his possession.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 computabuntur shall be calculated 3PL.FUT.IND.PASS
2 fructus produce NOM.PL.M.4TH.DECL
3 ex from PREP+ABL
4 eo that ABL.SG.M.DEM
5 tempore time ABL.SG.N.3RD.DECL
6 quo when ABL.SG.N.REL
7 vendidit he sold 3SG.PERF.IND.ACT
8 et and CONJ
9 quod what NOM.SG.N.REL
10 reliquum remaining NOM.SG.N.ADJ
11 est is 3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
12 reddet he shall give back 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
13 emptori to the buyer DAT.SG.M.3RD.DECL
14 sicque and thus ADV+CONJ
15 recipiet he shall receive 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
16 possessionem possession ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
17 suam his own ACC.SG.F.POSS.REFL

Syntax

Main Rule: fructus computabuntur — passive future establishing the accounting procedure.
Temporal Measure: ex eo tempore quo vendidit — prepositional phrase with relative temporal clause fixing the starting point.
Restitution Clause: et quod reliquum est reddet emptori — relative subject with future indicative stating repayment of the balance.
Result: sicque recipiet possessionem suam — coordinated result expressing restoration of property.

Morphology

  1. computabuntur — Lemma: computo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative passive; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be calculated; Notes: Passive highlights the mandated procedure rather than the agent.
  2. fructus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, fourth declension; Function: subject of computabuntur; Translation: produce; Notes: Refers to yield accrued during alienation.
  3. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks source; Translation: from; Notes: Introduces the temporal starting point.
  4. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies tempore; Translation: that; Notes: Points to a specific, defined time.
  5. tempore — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, third declension; Function: object of ex; Translation: time; Notes: Establishes the accounting horizon.
  6. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: introduces temporal relative clause; Translation: when; Notes: Refers back to tempore.
  7. vendidit — Lemma: vendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: he sold; Notes: Marks the historical act triggering calculation.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins calculation and restitution steps.
  9. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of est and reddet; Translation: what; Notes: Refers to the remaining balance.
  10. reliquum — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: complements quod; Translation: remaining; Notes: Indicates the surplus after calculation.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States the residual amount as a fact.
  12. reddet — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of restitution; Translation: he shall give back; Notes: Expresses obligatory repayment.
  13. emptori — Lemma: emptor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, third declension; Function: dative of recipient; Translation: to the buyer; Notes: Identifies the party receiving repayment.
  14. sicque — Lemma: sic + -que; Part of Speech: adverb with enclitic conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: marks result; Translation: and thus; Notes: Connects restitution with restoration.
  15. recipiet — Lemma: recipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: verb of result; Translation: he shall receive; Notes: Indicates recovery following compliance.
  16. possessionem — Lemma: possessio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object of recipiet; Translation: possession; Notes: The property originally alienated.
  17. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies possessionem; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive restores ownership to the original holder.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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