Numeri 7:42 (Numbers 7:42)

Posted on May 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 7:42 Die sexto princeps filiorum Gad, Eliasaph filius Duel

On the sixth day, the leader of the sons of Gad was Eliasaph, the son of Duel

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Die on the day ABL.SG.M
2 sexto sixth ABL.SG.M.POS
3 princeps leader NOM.SG.C
4 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
5 Gad Gad INDECL
6 Eliasaph Eliasaph INDECL
7 filius son NOM.SG.M
8 Duel Deuel INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: princeps functions as the main nominative element with an implied erat, while Eliasaph stands in apposition identifying the subject.

Object(s): No direct object is present, since the clause is identificational rather than transitive.

Phrase: Die sexto — ablative of time when, indicating the temporal setting.

Phrase: filiorum Gad — dependent genitive specifying the group under the authority of the princeps.

Phrase: Eliasaph filius Duel — appositional identification giving personal name and lineage.

Clause Function: A nominal identification statement typical of formal listing structure, with the verb understood.

Morphology

  1. Die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: on the day; Notes: Establishes the temporal framework and is modified by sexto.
  2. sexto — Lemma: sextus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine positive; Function: modifier of Die; Translation: sixth; Notes: Marks ordinal sequence in the ceremonial listing.
  3. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular common; Function: main nominative element; Translation: leader; Notes: Denotes the chief or tribal representative.
  4. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the sons; Notes: Specifies the group associated with the leader.
  5. Gad — Lemma: Gad; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: completes genitive phrase; Translation: Gad; Notes: Tribal name functioning semantically in genitival relation.
  6. Eliasaph — Lemma: Eliasaph; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: apposition; Translation: Eliasaph; Notes: Identifies the specific individual named as leader.
  7. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositional noun; Translation: son; Notes: Introduces patronymic identification.
  8. Duel — Lemma: Duel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper noun; Function: dependent on filius; Translation: Duel; Notes: Completes the genealogical designation of Eliasaph.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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