Genesis 25:15

Posted on January 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 25:15 Hadar, et Thema, et Iethur, et Naphis, et Cedma.

Hadar, and Thema, and Jethur, and Naphis, and Cedma.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hadar Hadad PROPN.NOM.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 Thema Tema PROPN.NOM.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 Iethur Jetur PROPN.NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Naphis Naphish PROPN.NOM.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 Cedma Kedemah PROPN.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

This verse continues the genealogical listing of Ismael’s sons in coordinate sequence.
Each proper noun (Hadar, Thema, Iethur, Naphis, Cedma) stands in nominative case, functioning as coordinate subjects or appositional elements to the understood predicate “were sons of Ismael.”
The repeated conjunction et (“and”) links each name, forming a paratactic structure typical of enumerations in biblical Latin narrative.

Morphology

  1. Hadar — Lemma: Hadar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinate name; Translation: “Hadar”; Notes: One of the sons of Ismael.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links “Hadar” and “Thema”; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects each proper noun in the list.
  3. Thema — Lemma: Thema; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinate name; Translation: “Thema”; Notes: Another son in Ismael’s genealogy.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins subsequent name; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains additive structure.
  5. Iethur — Lemma: Iethur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinate name; Translation: “Iethur”; Notes: Appears also in tribal lists as descendant of Ismael.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: continues list; Translation: “and”; Notes: Simple conjunction marking enumeration.
  7. Naphis — Lemma: Naphis; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinate name; Translation: “Naphis”; Notes: Another member of Ismael’s descendants.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links final element; Translation: “and”; Notes: Marks final connection in the series.
  9. Cedma — Lemma: Cedma; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: final coordinate name; Translation: “Cedma”; Notes: Concludes the enumeration of Ismael’s twelve sons.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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