Exodus 10:27

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:27 Induravit autem Dominus cor Pharaonis, et noluit dimittere eos.

But the LORD hardened Pharao’s heart, and he did not wish to send them away.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Induravit hardened 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 autem but ADV
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 cor heart ACC.SG.N
5 Pharaonis of Pharaoh GEN.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 noluit did not wish 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 dimittere to send away PRES.ACT.INF
9 eos them ACC.PL.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1:
Subject: Dominus
Verb: Induravit — “hardened”
Object: cor Pharaonis — “the heart of Pharaoh”

Connector: autem — adversative (“but”)

Main Clause 2:
Subject (implied): “he” = Pharaoh
Verb: noluit — “did not wish”
Complement: dimittere eos — “to send them away”

Morphology

  1. Induravit — Lemma: induro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb of first clause; Translation: “hardened”; Notes: describes divine judicial action.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adversative; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: typical connective in Vulgate narrative.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  4. cor — Lemma: cor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of Induravit; Translation: “heart”; Notes: seat of will and resolve.
  5. Pharaonis — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possesses cor; Translation: “of Pharaoh”; Notes: Egyptian title rendered in Latin.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive connector.
  7. noluit — Lemma: nolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of refusal; Translation: “did not wish”; Notes: negated desire.
  8. dimittere — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with noluit; Translation: “to send away”; Notes: expresses the action refused.
  9. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of dimittere; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to Moses and Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.