Exodus 12:43

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:43 Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron: Hæc est religio Phase: Omnis alienigena non comedet ex eo.

And the LORD said to Moyses and Aaron: “This is the ordinance of the Phase: Every foreigner shall not eat of it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + CONJ
2 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M.INVAR
7 Hæc this NOM.SG.F.DEM
8 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 religio rite / ordinance NOM.SG.F
10 Phase of the Passover GEN.SG.F.INVAR
11 Omnis every NOM.SG.M.ADJ
12 alienigena foreigner NOM.SG.M
13 non not ADV
14 comedet shall eat 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 ex from / of PREP+ABL
16 eo it ABL.SG.M.PRON

Syntax

Main narrative clause:
Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron — “And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron”
• Dominus = subject
• Dixit = verb
• ad Moysen et Aaron = indirect objects

Declarative clause:
Hæc est religio Phase — “This is the ordinance of the Passover”
• Hæc = subject
• est = linking verb
• religio Phase = predicate nominative phrase

Prohibitive statement:
Omnis alienigena non comedet ex eo — “Every foreigner shall not eat of it”
• Omnis alienigena = subject
• comedet = verb
• ex eo = partitive/prepositional phrase referring to the Passover lamb

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico + que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and said”; Notes: -que links with previous narrative.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: introduces indirect object.
  4. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: standard Latin form.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins coordinated nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  6. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: second indirect object; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: Hebrew name kept in Latin form.
  7. Hæc — Lemma: hic, haec, hoc; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “this”; Notes: points to the regulation just introduced.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: linking verb; Translation: “is”; Notes: equative function.
  9. religio — Lemma: religio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “ordinance”; Notes: refers to ritual regulation.
  10. Phase — Lemma: Phase; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular (indeclinable); Function: modifies religio; Translation: “of the Passover”; Notes: Latin transliteration of Hebrew Pesaḥ.
  11. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies alienigena; Translation: “every”; Notes: universal exclusion.
  12. alienigena — Lemma: alienigena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of negated clause; Translation: “foreigner”; Notes: non-Israelite.
  13. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: full negation of action.
  14. comedet — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: “shall eat”; Notes: expresses absolute ban.
  15. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive/ablative choice; Translation: “of/from”; Notes: indicates participation denied.
  16. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to the Passover lamb.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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