Exodus 13:7

Posted on March 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 13:7 Azyma comedetis septem diebus: non apparebit apud te aliquid fermentatum, nec in cunctis finibus tuis.

Unleavened bread you shall eat for seven days; nothing leavened shall appear with you, nor in all your borders.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Azyma unleavened bread NOUN.ACC.PL.N
2 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
3 septem seven NUM.INVAR
4 diebus days NOUN.ABL.PL.M
5 non not ADV
6 apparebit shall appear 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 apud with PREP+ACC
8 te you PRON.ACC.SG.2ND
9 aliquid anything PRON.NOM/ACC.SG.N
10 fermentatum leavened PART.PERF.PASS.NOM/ACC.SG.N
11 nec nor CONJ
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 cunctis all ADJ.ABL.PL.M
14 finibus borders NOUN.ABL.PL.M
15 tuis your ADJ.ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Main clause 1: Azyma comedetis septem diebus — direct object Azyma precedes the future verb comedetis. Ablative of time septem diebus specifies duration.
Prohibition clause: non apparebit apud te aliquid fermentatum — negative adverb non modifies apparebit. Prepositional phrase apud te expresses location. Subject is aliquid fermentatum.
Coordinated prohibition: nec in cunctis finibus tuis — ablative phrase introduced by in and coordinated by nec extends the prohibition to all territorial boundaries.

Morphology

  1. Azyma — Lemma: azyma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of comedetis; Translation: “unleavened bread”; Notes: liturgical food eaten during festival.
  2. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: prescriptive future.
  3. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: cardinal numeral.
  4. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “days”; Notes: indicates duration of observance.
  5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates apparebit; Translation: “not”; Notes: absolute negation.
  6. apparebit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: “shall appear”; Notes: expresses future prohibition.
  7. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks proximity/location; Translation: “with”; Notes: expresses presence near a person.
  8. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of apud; Translation: “you”; Notes: refers to Israel collectively.
  9. aliquid — Lemma: aliquis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: subject of apparebit; Translation: “anything”; Notes: broad negated subject.
  10. fermentatum — Lemma: fermento; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies aliquid; Translation: “leavened”; Notes: describes prohibited condition.
  11. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates additional prohibition; Translation: “nor”; Notes: extends negation.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: “in”; Notes: spatial marker.
  13. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies finibus; Translation: “all”; Notes: totality emphasis.
  14. finibus — Lemma: finis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “borders”; Notes: geographic boundaries.
  15. tuis — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies finibus; Translation: “your”; Notes: refers to Israel’s land.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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