Exodus 13:14

Posted on March 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 13:14 Cumque interrogaverit te filius tuus cras, dicens: Quid est hoc? respondebis ei: In manu forti eduxit nos Dominus de terra Ægypti, de domo servitutis.

And when your son shall question you tomorrow, saying: ‘What is this?’ you shall answer him: ‘With a strong hand the LORD brought us out from the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 interrogaverit shall question 3SG.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
3 te you PRON.ACC.SG.2ND
4 filius son NOUN.NOM.SG.M
5 tuus your ADJ.NOM.SG.M
6 cras tomorrow ADV
7 dicens saying PRES.ACT.PART.NOM.SG.M
8 Quid what PRON.NOM/ACC.SG.N
9 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 hoc this PRON.NOM/ACC.SG.N
11 respondebis you shall answer 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 ei to him PRON.DAT.SG.3RD
13 In with PREP+ABL
14 manu hand NOUN.ABL.SG.F
15 forti strong ADJ.ABL.SG.F
16 eduxit brought out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 nos us PRON.ACC.PL.1ST
18 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
19 de from PREP+ABL
20 terra land NOUN.ABL.SG.F
21 Ægypti of Egypt NOUN.GEN.SG.F
22 de from PREP+ABL
23 domo house NOUN.ABL.SG.F
24 servitutis of slavery NOUN.GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal clause: Cumque interrogaverit te filius tuus cras — future perfect interrogaverit introduces an anticipated future inquiry; te is object; filius tuus subject; cras adverbial modifier.
Participial expression: dicens: Quid est hoc? — circumstantial participle indicating the content of the son’s question.
Main clause: respondebis ei — governing verb of instruction; ei indirect object.
Content clause: In manu forti eduxit nos Dominus de terra Ægypti — Dominus is subject; eduxit verb; nos object; ablative phrase in manu forti expresses means; de terra Ægypti and de domo servitutis express source.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + -que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause and connects to narrative; Translation: “and when”; Notes: enclitic -que joins this command to prior context.
  2. interrogaverit — Lemma: interrogo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “shall question”; Notes: denotes future completed action.
  3. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of interrogaverit; Translation: “you”; Notes: addressed to the Israelite parent.
  4. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of interrogaverit; Translation: “son”; Notes: typical Passover catechesis.
  5. tuus — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies filius; Translation: “your”; Notes: indicates familial responsibility.
  6. cras — Lemma: cras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: time modifier; Translation: “tomorrow”; Notes: expresses near-future inquiry.
  7. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: “saying”; Notes: introduces direct quotation.
  8. Quid — Lemma: quis/quid; Part of Speech: interrogative pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: interrogative subject or object; Translation: “what”; Notes: expresses request for explanation.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: equative verb.
  10. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: subject or complement; Translation: “this”; Notes: refers to ritual action.
  11. respondebis — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular; Function: main verb of instruction; Translation: “you shall answer”; Notes: prescriptive parental response.
  12. ei — Lemma: is/ea/id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to him”; Notes: refers to the son.
  13. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses means; Translation: “with”; Notes: instrumental ablative.
  14. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “hand”; Notes: idiomatic phrase for power.
  15. forti — Lemma: fortis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: “strong”; Notes: expresses divine might.
  16. eduxit — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of content clause; Translation: “brought out”; Notes: refers to Exodus deliverance.
  17. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural first person; Function: direct object of eduxit; Translation: “us”; Notes: collective Israel.
  18. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of eduxit; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  19. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: “from”; Notes: departure point.
  20. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: complement of de; Translation: “land”; Notes: geographical origin.
  21. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: identifies land.
  22. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: “from”; Notes: second source phrase.
  23. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: complement of de; Translation: “house”; Notes: metaphorical household.
  24. servitutis — Lemma: servitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: dependent genitive modifying domo; Translation: “of slavery”; Notes: expresses condition of bondage.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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