Exodus 19:10

Posted on March 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 19:10 Qui dixit ei: Vade ad populum, et sanctifica illos hodie, et cras, laventque vestimenta sua.

He said to him: “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
2 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 ei to him PRON.DAT.SG.M
4 Vade go 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 populum people NOUN.ACC.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 sanctifica sanctify 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
9 illos them PRON.ACC.PL.M
10 hodie today ADV
11 et and CONJ
12 cras tomorrow ADV
13 laventque and let them wash 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ + ENCLITIC
14 vestimenta garments NOUN.ACC.PL.N
15 sua their PRON.POSS.ACC.PL.N

Syntax

Relative Clause:
Qui dixit ei — refers to the LORD who spoke to Moses.

Imperative Commands:
Vade ad populum — direct order to Moses.
sanctifica illos — second direct command.

Adverbial Modifiers:
hodie et cras — duration of sanctification.

Subjunctive of Command (jussive):
laventque vestimenta sua — required ritual action.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of dixit; Translation: who; Notes: refers to the LORD.
  2. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: said; Notes: completed speech action.
  3. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: refers to Moses.
  4. Vade — Lemma: vado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: go; Notes: divine directive.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction; Translation: to; Notes: movement toward the people.
  6. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: people; Notes: stands for Israel.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins commands; Translation: and; Notes: links imperatives.
  8. sanctifica — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: sanctify; Notes: ceremonial preparation.
  9. illos — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of sanctifica; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the people.
  10. hodie — Lemma: hodie; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies sanctifica; Translation: today; Notes: temporal specification.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links time markers.
  12. cras — Lemma: cras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies sanctifica; Translation: tomorrow; Notes: continuation of sanctification.
  13. laventque — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd plural + enclitic -que; Function: jussive (command); Translation: and let them wash; Notes: ritual purification.
  14. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: ritual washing.
  15. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: their; Notes: reflexive to subject of lavent.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.