Exodus 23:11

Posted on March 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 23:11 Anno autem septimo dimittes eam, et requiescere facies, ut comedant pauperes populi tui: et quidquid reliquum fuerit, edant bestiæ agri: ita facies in vinea et in oliveto tuo.

But in the seventh year you shall let it go free and allow it to rest, so that the poor of your people may eat; and whatever is left over, the beasts of the field may eat. Thus you shall do with your vineyard and with your olive yard.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anno in the year ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL
2 autem but CONJ
3 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M ADJ ORD 1ST/2ND DECL
4 dmittes you will release 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 eam it ACC.SG.F PRON DEM
6 et and CONJ
7 requiescere to rest INF.PRES.ACT
8 facies you will cause 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 ut so that CONJ
10 comedant they may eat 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
11 pauperes the poor NOM.PL.M/F ADJ POS 3RD DECL
12 populi of the people GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
13 tui your GEN.SG.M POSS
14 et and CONJ
15 quidquid whatever NOM/ACC.SG.N PRON INDEF
16 reliquum remaining NOM/ACC.SG.N ADJ POS 2ND DECL
17 fuerit shall be 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
18 edant may eat 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
19 bestiæ the beasts NOM.PL.F 1ST DECL
20 agri of the field GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
21 ita thus ADV
22 facies you will do 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
23 in in PREP+ABL
24 vinea vineyard ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL
25 et and CONJ
26 in in PREP+ABL
27 oliveto olive grove ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL
28 tuo your ABL.SG.M POSS

Syntax

Temporal Phrase: Anno autem septimo — “But in the seventh year,” ablative of time.
Main Commands:
• dmittes eam — “you shall release it,” referring to the land.
• et requiescere facies — causative: “you shall cause it to rest.”

Purpose Clause: ut comedant pauperes populi tui — “so that the poor of your people may eat.”
Second Purpose Clause: et quidquid reliquum fuerit, edant bestiæ agri — “and whatever is left, the beasts of the field may eat.”
Final Instruction: ita facies in vinea et in oliveto tuo — “thus you shall do in your vineyard and in your olive yard.”

Morphology

  1. Anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: in the year; Notes: introduces the time frame.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: contrasts with prior instructions; Translation: but; Notes: typical connective in legal discourse.
  3. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: adjective (ordinal); Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies Anno; Translation: seventh; Notes: specifies the sabbatical year.
  4. dmittes — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you will release; Notes: refers to letting the land lie fallow.
  5. eam — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the land.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: connects sequential actions.
  7. requiescere — Lemma: quiesco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement with causative verb; Translation: to rest; Notes: shows resulting state of the land.
  8. facies — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: main verb (causative); Translation: you will cause; Notes: governs infinitive.
  9. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: governs subjunctive.
  10. comedant — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive, 3rd plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: they may eat; Notes: expresses intended outcome.
  11. pauperes — Lemma: pauper; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural common gender, 3rd declension; Function: subject of comedant; Translation: the poor; Notes: refers to disadvantaged members of Israel.
  12. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the people; Notes: modifies tui.
  13. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies populi; Translation: your; Notes: refers to Israel.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects the second purpose clause; Translation: and; Notes: transitions to animal provision.
  15. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: pronoun (indefinite); Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: subject of fuerit; Translation: whatever; Notes: introduces indefinite remainder.
  16. reliquum — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: remaining; Notes: describes the leftover produce.
  17. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: verb of the indefinite clause; Translation: shall be; Notes: introduces future circumstance.
  18. edant — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive, 3rd plural; Function: verb of second purpose clause; Translation: may eat; Notes: expresses provision for wildlife.
  19. bestiæ — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine, 1st declension; Function: subject of edant; Translation: beasts; Notes: wild animals benefiting from the fallow year.
  20. agri — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: genitive of place; Translation: of the field; Notes: describes natural setting.
  21. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: introduces summary; Translation: thus; Notes: marks final general application.
  22. facies — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: future command; Translation: you shall do; Notes: introduces parallel obligations.
  23. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial marker; Translation: in; Notes: applies instructions to vineyard and oliveyard.
  24. vinea — Lemma: vinea; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: object of in; Translation: vineyard; Notes: agricultural context.
  25. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins vineyard with oliveyard.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial marker; Translation: in; Notes: repeats for emphasis.
  27. oliveto — Lemma: olivetum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: olive grove; Notes: another agricultural domain.
  28. tuo — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies oliveto; Translation: your; Notes: ties instruction to landowner.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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