Leviticus 4:9

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:9 duos renunculos et reticulum quod est super eos iuxta ilia, et adipem iecoris cum renunculis,

the two kidneys and the membrane which is over them near the loins, and the fat of the liver with the little kidneys,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 duos two ADJ, ACC.PL.M, CARD
2 renunculos little kidneys NOUN, ACC.PL.M, 2ND DECL
3 et and CONJ
4 reticulum the membrane NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
5 quod which PRON, NOM.SG.N, REL
6 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 super over PREP+ACC
8 eos them PRON, ACC.PL.M, DEM
9 iuxta near PREP+ACC
10 ilia the loins NOUN, ACC.PL.N, 3RD DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 adipem the fat NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
13 iecoris of the liver NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
14 cum with PREP+ABL
15 renunculis the little kidneys NOUN, ABL.PL.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Object List: duos renunculos … reticulum … adipem iecoris — items removed for sacrifice.
Relative Clause: quod est super eos iuxta ilia — describes the position of the membrane.
Prepositional Phrase: cum renunculis — specifies accompaniment of the liver fat.
Coordination: multiple et link the anatomical items.

Morphology

  1. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective/numeral; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: quantifier modifying renunculos; Translation: two; Notes: cardinal numeral.
  2. renunculos — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: little kidneys; Notes: diminutive anatomical term.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connector; Translation: and; Notes: links list items.
  4. reticulum — Lemma: reticulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: membrane; Notes: refers to the fatty net covering organs.
  5. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: links subject to predicate.
  7. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses position; Translation: over; Notes: spatial indicator.
  8. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of super; Translation: them; Notes: refers to renunculos.
  9. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses proximity; Translation: near; Notes: anatomical positioning.
  10. ilia — Lemma: ilia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: loins; Notes: refers to lower abdominal region.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connector; Translation: and; Notes: adds next object.
  12. adipem — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: the fat; Notes: refers specifically to the liver lobe fat.
  13. iecoris — Lemma: iecur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies adipem; Translation: of the liver; Notes: identifies location.
  14. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: expresses inclusion.
  15. renunculis — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: the little kidneys; Notes: reiterates anatomical pairing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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