Leviticus 7:19

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:19 Caro, quæ aliquid tetigerit immundum, non comedetur, sed comburetur igni: qui fuerit mundus, vescetur ex ea.

Flesh, which shall have touched anything unclean, shall not be eaten, but shall be burned with fire; he who shall have been clean, shall eat from it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Caro flesh NOM.SG.F
2 quæ which REL.NOM.SG.F
3 aliquid anything ACC.SG.N
4 tetigerit shall have touched 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
5 immundum unclean ADJ.ACC.SG.N
6 non not ADV
7 comedetur shall be eaten 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
8 sed but CONJ
9 comburetur shall be burned 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
10 igni with fire ABL.SG.M
11 qui he who REL.NOM.SG.M
12 fuerit shall have been 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
13 mundus clean ADJ.NOM.SG.M
14 vescetur shall eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
15 ex from PREP+ABL
16 ea it PRON.ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main Subject: Caro — establishes the material under regulation
Relative Clause: quæ aliquid tetigerit immundum — defines flesh rendered impure by contact
Primary Prohibition: non comedetur — forbids consumption
Mandatory Disposal: sed comburetur igni — prescribes destruction by fire
Contrasting Clause: qui fuerit mundus — identifies the eligible person
Permitted Action: vescetur ex ea — allows eating by one who is clean

Morphology

  1. Caro — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, third declension; Function: subject of the regulation; Translation: flesh; Notes: Refers to sacrificial meat intended for consumption.
  2. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to caro.
  3. aliquid — Lemma: aliquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of tetigerit; Translation: anything; Notes: Intentionally broad to include any contaminating object.
  4. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have touched; Notes: Subjunctive expresses a general legal condition.
  5. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies aliquid; Translation: unclean; Notes: Technical term for ritual impurity.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates comedetur; Translation: not; Notes: Absolute prohibition.
  7. comedetur — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: verb of prohibition; Translation: shall be eaten; Notes: Passive focuses on the rule rather than the eater.
  8. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Shifts from prohibition to required action.
  9. comburetur — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: mandates destruction; Translation: shall be burned; Notes: Fire removes impurity completely.
  10. igni — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, third declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with fire; Notes: Standard means of disposal for defiled offerings.
  11. qui — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of the final clause; Translation: he who; Notes: Introduces the eligible participant.
  12. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: Subjunctive expresses qualifying condition.
  13. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: clean; Notes: Refers to ritual purity of the person.
  14. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future deponent indicative; Function: main verb of permission; Translation: shall eat; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  15. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates the meat as the source of eating.
  16. ea — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: it; Notes: Refers back to the flesh permitted for consumption.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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