Leviticus 22:3

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:3 Dic ad eos, et ad posteros eorum: Omnis homo, qui accesserit de stirpe vestra ad ea quæ consecrata sunt, et quæ obtulerunt filii Israel Domino, in quo est immunditia, peribit coram Domino. ego sum Dominus.

Say to them and to their descendants: ‘Any man, who approaches from your lineage to the things which have been consecrated, and which the sons of Israel have offered to the LORD, in whom there is uncleanness, shall perish before the LORD. I am the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dic say 2SG.PRES.IMP.MOOD.ACT
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 eos them ACC.PL.M.PERS
4 et and CONJ
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 posteros descendants ACC.PL.M
7 eorum of them GEN.PL.POSS
8 Omnis every NOM.SG.M.ADJ
9 homo man NOM.SG.M
10 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
11 accesserit has approached 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
12 de from PREP+ABL
13 stirpe lineage ABL.SG.F
14 vestra your ABL.SG.F.POSS
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 ea the things ACC.PL.N.DEM
17 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
18 consecrata consecrated PERF.PTCP.PASS.NOM.PL.N
19 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
20 et and CONJ
21 quæ which ACC.PL.N.REL
22 obtulerunt they have offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
23 filii sons NOM.PL.M
24 Israel Israel GEN.SG.M.INDECL
25 Domino LORD DAT.SG.M
26 in in PREP+ABL
27 quo whom ABL.SG.M.REL
28 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
29 immunditia uncleanness NOM.SG.F
30 peribit shall perish 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
31 coram before PREP+ABL
32 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M
33 ego I NOM.SG.PERS
34 sum am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
35 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Imperative: Dic — direct command of speech
Recipients: ad eos + ad posteros eorum

Subject of Legal Statement: Omnis homo
Relative Clause: qui accesserit — condition defining the subject
Source Phrase: de stirpe vestra

Object of Approach: ad ea quæ consecrata sunt
Coordinated Relative Clause: et quæ obtulerunt filii Israel Domino

Descriptive Clause: in quo est immunditia — qualifying the man
Main Result: peribit — legal consequence
Locative Phrase: coram Domino

Divine Identification: ego sum Dominus

Morphology

  1. Dic — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person singular present imperative active; Function: issues a direct command; Translation: “say”; Notes: Introduces authoritative divine instruction.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction of speech; Translation: “to”; Notes: Standard with verbs of communication.
  3. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: first group addressed; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the immediate audience.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates addressees; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links equal elements.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: repeats address; Translation: “to”; Notes: Clarifies extension to another group.
  6. posteros — Lemma: posterus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: second group addressed; Translation: “descendants”; Notes: Emphasizes generational scope.
  7. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: modifies posteros; Translation: “of them”; Notes: Refers back to the original recipients.
  8. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies homo; Translation: “every”; Notes: Establishes universal applicability.
  9. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the legal statement; Translation: “man”; Notes: Used generically for any individual.
  10. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: introduces defining clause; Translation: “who”; Notes: Restricts the subject.
  11. accesserit — Lemma: accedo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: expresses a future-conditioned action; Translation: “has approached”; Notes: Subjunctive typical in legal-relative clauses.
  12. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Marks lineage source.
  13. stirpe — Lemma: stirps; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “lineage”; Notes: Denotes family descent.
  14. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies stirpe; Translation: “your”; Notes: Refers to the priestly line.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the sacred objects.
  16. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: “the things”; Notes: Refers to holy offerings.
  17. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: introduces descriptive clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: Agrees with ea.
  18. consecrata — Lemma: consecro; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative neuter plural; Function: describes sacred status; Translation: “consecrated”; Notes: Indicates ritual dedication.
  19. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: completes passive construction; Translation: “are”; Notes: Links subject and participle.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates relative clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds further specification.
  21. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of obtulerunt; Translation: “which”; Notes: Resumes the offerings.
  22. obtulerunt — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: verbal action of the clause; Translation: “have offered”; Notes: Cultic term for sacrificial presentation.
  23. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of obtulerunt; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
  24. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine indeclinable; Function: modifies filii; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: Covenant people designation.
  25. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: recipient of offering; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces descriptive state; Translation: “in”; Notes: Marks condition.
  27. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: refers back to homo; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Describes the person’s state.
  28. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: links subject and predicate; Translation: “is”; Notes: Simple copular use.
  29. immunditia — Lemma: immunditia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate noun; Translation: “uncleanness”; Notes: Ritual impurity barring sacred access.
  30. peribit — Lemma: pereo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states legal penalty; Translation: “shall perish”; Notes: Expresses divine judgment.
  31. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: locative expression; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates divine presence.
  32. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of coram; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as judge.
  33. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject of self-identification; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic divine assertion.
  34. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: first person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “am”; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  35. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Covenant name of YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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