Numeri 10:35 (Numbers 10:35)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:35 Cumque elevaretur arca, dicebat Moyses: Surge Domine, et dissipentur inimici tui, et fugiant qui oderunt te, a facie tua.

And when the ark was being lifted up, Moyses said: “Rise, LORD, and let be scattered Your enemies, and let flee those who hate You from before Your face.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 elevaretur was being lifted 3SG.IMP.PASS.SUBJ
3 arca ark NOM.SG.F
4 dicebat was saying 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
5 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
6 Surge rise 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
7 Domine LORD VOC.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 dissipentur let be scattered 3PL.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
10 inimici enemies NOM.PL.M
11 tui Your NOM.PL.M.POSS
12 et and CONJ
13 fugiant let flee 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
14 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
15 oderunt hate 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
16 te You ACC.SG
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 facie face ABL.SG.F
19 tua Your ABL.SG.F.POSS

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque elevaretur arca — subordinate clause indicating time.

Main Clause: Moyses (subject) + dicebat (verb).

Imperative Clause: Surge Domine — direct address and command.

Jussive Clause (1): dissipentur inimici tui — expresses desired result.

Jussive Clause (2): fugiant qui oderunt te — coordinated clause.

Phrase: a facie tua — prepositional phrase indicating separation.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction with enclitic -que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Connects with preceding narrative.
  2. elevaretur — Lemma: elevo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect passive subjunctive third person singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: was being lifted; Notes: Subjunctive after cum indicating circumstance.
  3. arca — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of elevaretur; Translation: ark; Notes: Refers to ark of covenant.
  4. dicebat — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: was saying; Notes: Repeated or ongoing speech.
  5. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Speaker.
  6. Surge — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second person singular; Function: command; Translation: rise; Notes: Direct invocation.
  7. Domine — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: vocative singular masculine; Function: direct address; Translation: LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Coordination.
  9. dissipentur — Lemma: dissipo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive subjunctive third person plural; Function: jussive verb; Translation: let be scattered; Notes: Expresses wish or command.
  10. inimici — Lemma: inimicus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of dissipentur; Translation: enemies; Notes: Opponents.
  11. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies inimici; Translation: Your; Notes: Refers to God.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Coordination.
  13. fugiant — Lemma: fugio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive third person plural; Function: jussive verb; Translation: let flee; Notes: Expresses wish or command.
  14. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of oderunt; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to enemies.
  15. oderunt — Lemma: odi; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: hate; Notes: Perfect with present meaning.
  16. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of oderunt; Translation: You; Notes: Object of hatred.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces separation; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates removal.
  18. facie — Lemma: facies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of a; Translation: face; Notes: Figurative presence.
  19. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies facie; Translation: Your; Notes: Refers to God.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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