Numeri 15:30 (Numbers 15:30)

Posted on May 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 15:30 Anima vero, quæ per superbiam aliquid commiserit, sive civis sit ille, sive peregrinus, (quoniam adversus Dominum rebellis fuit) peribit de populo suo:

But the soul, which shall have committed anything through pride, whether he be a citizen or a stranger, (because he has been rebellious against the LORD) shall perish from his people;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anima soul NOM.SG.F.1ST DECL
2 vero but ADV
3 quæ which NOM.SG.F.REL.PRON
4 per through PREP+ACC
5 superbiam pride ACC.SG.F.1ST DECL
6 aliquid anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF.PRON
7 commiserit shall have committed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
8 sive whether CONJ
9 civis citizen NOM.SG.M/F.3RD DECL
10 sit be 3SG.PRES.SUBJ
11 ille he NOM.SG.M.DEM.PRON
12 sive or CONJ
13 peregrinus stranger NOM.SG.M.2ND DECL
14 quoniam because CONJ
15 adversus against PREP+ACC
16 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M.2ND DECL
17 rebellis rebellious NOM.SG.M/F.ADJ
18 fuit he was 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
19 peribit he shall perish 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
20 de from PREP+ABL
21 populo people ABL.SG.M.2ND DECL
22 suo his ABL.SG.M.POSS.PRON

Syntax

Main Clause: Anima vero … peribit forms the core statement, with Anima as subject and peribit as the main verb.

Relative Clause: quæ per superbiam aliquid commiserit modifies Anima, describing the offending individual.

Alternative Condition: sive civis sit ille sive peregrinus indicates that the rule applies regardless of status.

Causal Clause: quoniam adversus Dominum rebellis fuit explains the reason for the judgment.

Separation Phrase: de populo suo indicates removal from the community.

Morphology

  1. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine first declension; Function: subject; Translation: soul; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
  2. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative marker; Translation: but; Notes: Introduces contrast with previous provisions.
  3. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to Anima.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces manner; Translation: through; Notes: Indicates means or cause.
  5. superbiam — Lemma: superbia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: object of per; Translation: pride; Notes: Refers to willful arrogance.
  6. aliquid — Lemma: aliquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: anything; Notes: Refers to any act.
  7. commiserit — Lemma: committo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have committed; Notes: Indicates completed future action.
  8. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: whether; Notes: Begins a disjunctive pair.
  9. civis — Lemma: civis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine/feminine third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: citizen; Notes: Refers to native member.
  10. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb in subordinate clause; Translation: be; Notes: Subjunctive used in indirect discourse or condition.
  11. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: he; Notes: Refers to the individual.
  12. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Completes disjunctive pair.
  13. peregrinus — Lemma: peregrinus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: stranger; Notes: Refers to foreign resident.
  14. quoniam — Lemma: quoniam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces cause; Translation: because; Notes: Explains reason for punishment.
  15. adversus — Lemma: adversus; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces opposition; Translation: against; Notes: Indicates hostility.
  16. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of adversus; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  17. rebellis — Lemma: rebellis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine/feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: rebellious; Notes: Describes willful defiance.
  18. fuit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: he was; Notes: Links subject with predicate.
  19. peribit — Lemma: pereo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall perish; Notes: Expresses future judgment.
  20. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces separation; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates removal.
  21. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: people; Notes: Refers to the community.
  22. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies populo; Translation: his; Notes: Refers back to the individual.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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