Exodus 10:16

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:16 Quam ob rem festinus Pharao vocavit Moysen et Aaron, et dixit eis: Peccavi in Dominum Deum vestrum, et in vos.

For which reason Pharao, being in haste, called Moyses and Aaron, and said to them: “I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quam which ACC.SG.F
2 ob because of PREP+ACC
3 rem thing ACC.SG.F
4 festinus in haste NOM.SG.M
5 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
6 vocavit called 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
12 eis to them DAT.PL.M
13 Peccavi I have sinned 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
14 in against PREP+ACC
15 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M
16 Deum God ACC.SG.M
17 vestrum your ACC.SG.M
18 et and CONJ
19 in against PREP+ACC
20 vos you ACC.PL

Syntax

Causal Phrase:
Quam ob rem — idiom “for which reason,” linking to prior narrative.

Main Clause:
Subject: festinus Pharao — “Pharaoh, in haste”
Verb: vocavit — main finite verb
Objects: Moysen et Aaron

Second Clause:
Subject: implied (Pharaoh)
Verb: dixit
Indirect Object: eis

Quoted Statement:
Peccavi in Dominum Deum vestrum, et in vos —
– Peccavi main verb
– in Dominum Deum vestrum prepositional phrase indicating target of offense (YHWH)
– in vos additional target (“against you”)

Morphology

  1. Quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers back to prior events.
  2. ob — Lemma: ob; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses cause; Translation: “because of”; Notes: forms idiom with rem.
  3. rem — Lemma: res; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ob; Translation: “thing”; Notes: refers to calamity just described.
  4. festinus — Lemma: festinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Pharao; Translation: “in haste”; Notes: expresses urgency.
  5. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of vocavit; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: proper name.
  6. vocavit — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “called”; Notes: completed action.
  7. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: recipient of summons.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: standard connector.
  9. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: conjoined object.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: narrative connective.
  11. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: standard speech verb.
  12. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to them”; Notes: refers to Moses and Aaron.
  13. Peccavi — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative first singular; Function: main verb of statement; Translation: “I have sinned”; Notes: expresses confession.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates offense directed toward; Translation: “against”; Notes: hostile sense.
  15. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  16. Deum — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: in apposition to Dominum; Translation: “God”; Notes: reinforces identity.
  17. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies Deum; Translation: “your”; Notes: plural possessive.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: adds second object of sin; Translation: “and”; Notes: connective.
  19. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition/harm toward; Translation: “against”; Notes: parallels earlier in.
  20. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “you”; Notes: refers to Moses and Aaron.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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