Exodus 28:3

Posted on March 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 28:3 Et loqueris cunctis sapientibus corde, quos replevi spiritu prudentiæ, ut faciant vestes Aaron, in quibus sanctificatus ministret mihi.

And you shall speak to all who are wise in heart, whom I have filled with the spirit of prudence, so that they may make the garments of Aaron, in which he, having been consecrated, may minister to Me.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ.COORD
2 loqueris you shall speak 2SG.FUT.DEP.IND, 3RD CONJ
3 cunctis to all DAT.PL.C, ADJ.INDECL
4 sapientibus wise DAT.PL.M/F, PTCP.PRES.ACT
5 corde in heart ABL.SG.N, 3RD DECL
6 quos whom ACC.PL.M, PRON.REL
7 replevi I have filled 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND, 4TH CONJ
8 spiritu with spirit ABL.SG.M, 4TH DECL
9 prudentiæ of prudence GEN.SG.F, 1ST DECL
10 ut so that CONJ.SUBORD
11 faciant they may make 3PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ, 3RD CONJ
12 vestes garments ACC.PL.F, 3RD DECL
13 Aaron of Aaron GEN.SG.M.INDECL
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 quibus in which ABL.PL.F, PRON.REL
16 sanctificatus having been consecrated NOM.SG.M, PTCP.PERF.PASS
17 ministret may minister 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ, 1ST CONJ
18 mihi to me PRON.PERS.DAT.SG

Syntax

Main Clause:
Et loqueris — main verb phrase (“and you shall speak”).
cunctis sapientibus corde — indirect object phrase (“to all who are wise in heart”).
quos replevi spiritu prudentiæ — relative clause modifying sapientibus.

Purpose Clause:
ut faciant — introduces purpose (“so that they may make”).
vestes Aaron — direct object (“the garments of Aaron”).

Relative Phrase of Instrument:
in quibus sanctificatus ministret mihi — “in which, having been consecrated, he may minister to Me.”
sanctificatus — nominative participle referring to Aaron.
ministret — verb of the relative clause.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: common narrative connector.
  2. loqueris — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 2nd person singular future deponent indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall speak; Notes: deponent with passive form but active meaning.
  3. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative plural common gender; Function: indirect object; Translation: to all; Notes: distributive emphasis.
  4. sapientibus — Lemma: sapiens; Part of Speech: participial adjective; Form: dative plural masculine/feminine; Function: modifies cunctis; Translation: wise; Notes: present active participle.
  5. corde — Lemma: cor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: in heart; Notes: Hebrew idiom mirrored in Latin.
  6. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of replevi; Translation: whom; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  7. replevi — Lemma: repleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: I have filled; Notes: divine action attributed to YHWH.
  8. spiritu — Lemma: spiritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with the spirit; Notes: instrument of divine endowment.
  9. prudentiæ — Lemma: prudentia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of quality; Translation: of prudence; Notes: describes the nature of the spirit given.
  10. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: expresses intended result; Translation: so that; Notes: standard construction.
  11. faciant — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: they may make; Notes: subjunctive used with ut.
  12. vestes — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of faciant; Translation: garments; Notes: priestly garments.
  13. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of Aaron; Notes: Hebrew proper name.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: in; Notes: introduces relative phrase.
  15. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: relative reference to vestes; Translation: in which; Notes: agrees with vestes.
  16. sanctificatus — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: referring to Aaron; Translation: having been consecrated; Notes: describes priestly initiation.
  17. ministret — Lemma: ministro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: may minister; Notes: expresses purpose within relative clause.
  18. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: to me; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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