Genesis 36:21

Posted on February 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

21 et Dison, et Eser, et Disan. hi duces Horræi, filii Seir in Terra Edom.

and Dison, and Eser, and Disan. These are the dukes of the Horrites, the sons of Seir in the land of Edom.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 Dison Dishon PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Eser Ezer PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 Disan Dishan PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
7 hi these PRON.DEM.NOM.PL.M
8 duces dukes/chiefs NOUN.NOM.PL.M
9 Horræi of the Horites ADJ.GEN.SG.M
10 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
11 Seir of Seir PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 Terra land NOUN.ABL.SG.F
14 Edom Edom PROP.NOUN.ABL.SG.F

Syntax

List Extension: et Dison, et Eser, et Disan —
A continuation of the preceding list of Seir’s sons, with coordinate conjunctions et linking three additional nominative proper names.

Summary Clause: hi duces Horræi —
Subject hi (“these”), predicate nominative duces (“chiefs”), and genitive Horræi (“of the Horites”) identifying tribal affiliation.

Explanatory Apposition: filii Seir in Terra Edom —
Further identifies these chiefs as descendants (filii) of Seir, with locative prepositional phrase in Terra Edom describing their geographical settlement.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinate conjunction; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins the next member in the genealogical sequence.
  2. Dison — Lemma: Dison; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive to filii; Translation: “Dishon”; Notes: One of Seir’s sons and later a tribal chief.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links names; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains polysyndetic list style.
  4. Eser — Lemma: Eser; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive to filii; Translation: “Ezer”; Notes: Another son of Seir, mentioned among the Horites.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces the last element in the list.
  6. Disan — Lemma: Disan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive; Translation: “Dishan”; Notes: Final name completing Seir’s sons.
  7. hi — Lemma: hic, haec, hoc; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of implied sunt; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to all previously named descendants.
  8. duces — Lemma: dux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “chiefs”; Notes: Indicates political and clan leadership roles.
  9. Horræi — Lemma: Horræus; Part of Speech: adjective/substantive; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: “of the Horites”; Notes: Ethnic or tribal identifier of Seir’s people.
  10. filii — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: nominative apposition; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Clarifies descent relationship to Seir.
  11. Seir — Lemma: Seir; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: “of Seir”; Notes: Refers to the eponymous ancestor of the Horites.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: Marks geographic location.
  13. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: Specifies territorial domain.
  14. Edom — Lemma: Edom; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: genitive apposition with Terra; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Indicates that Seir’s Horite descendants resided in the land of Edom.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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