Leviticus 1:13

Posted on April 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 1:13 intestina vero et pedes lavabunt aqua. Et oblata omnia adolebit sacerdos super altare in holocaustum et odorem suavissimum Domino.

but the intestines and the feet they shall wash with water. And when all things have been offered, the priest shall burn them upon the altar as a holocaust and as a most sweet odor to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 intestina intestines NOUN, ACC.PL.N, 3RD DECL
2 vero however / but ADV, INDECL
3 et and CONJ
4 pedes feet NOUN, ACC.PL.M, 3RD DECL
5 lavabunt they shall wash VERB, 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
6 aqua with water NOUN, ABL.SG.F, 1ST DECL
7 Et and CONJ
8 oblata having been offered PTCP, PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.N
9 omnia all things PRON/ADJ, NOM.PL.N, INDECL
10 adolebit he shall burn VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 sacerdos the priest NOUN, NOM.SG.M, 3RD DECL
12 super upon PREP+ACC
13 altare altar NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 3RD DECL
14 in as / into PREP+ACC
15 holocaustum holocaust NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
16 et and CONJ
17 odorem odor NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
18 suavissimum most sweet ADJ, ACC.SG.M, SUPER
19 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Clause 1: intestina vero et pedes lavabunt aqua — the intestines and feet are washed prior to burning; aqua is ablative of means.
Temporal-Perfect Passive Phrase: oblata omnia — “when all things have been offered,” introducing the final step of the ritual.
Main Clause: adolebit sacerdos — the priest burns the offering on the altar.
Purpose/Class: in holocaustum — identifies the offering as a whole-burnt sacrifice.
Accusative Expression: odorem suavissimum — describes the pleasing sacrificial fragrance.
Dative of Advantage: Domino — the act is directed to the LORD (YHWH).

Morphology

  1. intestina — Lemma: intestina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: intestines; Notes: refers to internal organs prepared for burning.
  2. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: contrastive emphasis; Translation: however; Notes: marks shift to purification step.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links intestines and feet.
  4. pedes — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: feet; Notes: refers to lower limbs prepared for the altar.
  5. lavabunt — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: they shall wash; Notes: priests cleanse these parts before offering.
  6. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: ritual cleansing medium.
  7. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: transitions to final step; Translation: and; Notes: marks progression.
  8. oblata — Lemma: off ero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative plural neuter; Function: absolute/temporal modifier; Translation: having been offered; Notes: refers to all sacrificial parts placed on altar.
  9. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject with oblata; Translation: all things; Notes: comprehensive reference.
  10. adolebit — Lemma: adoleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main action; Translation: he shall burn; Notes: technical sacrificial verb.
  11. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the priest; Notes: agent of sacrificial rite.
  12. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: spatial placement of the offering.
  13. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: locus of sacrifice.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: classification; Translation: as; Notes: identifies type of offering.
  15. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: complement of in; Translation: holocaust; Notes: whole burnt offering.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates sacrificial descriptors; Translation: and; Notes: simple addition.
  17. odorem — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of implied sense “it becomes”; Translation: odor; Notes: sacrificial fragrance formula.
  18. suavissimum — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine, superlative degree; Function: modifies odorem; Translation: most sweet; Notes: SUPER used properly for superlative.
  19. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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