Exodus 9:9

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:9 Sitque pulvis super omnem Terram Ægypti: erunt enim in hominibus, et iumentis ulcera, et vesicæ turgentes in universa terra Ægypti.

And let the dust be upon all the Land of Egypt, and they shall become on men and on beasts sores and swelling blisters in all the land of Egypt.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sitque and let it be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ + ENCLITIC
2 pulvis dust NOM.SG.M
3 super upon PREP+ACC
4 omnem all ACC.SG.F
5 Terram land ACC.SG.F
6 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
7 erunt they shall be / become 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
8 enim for ADV
9 in on PREP+ABL
10 hominibus men ABL.PL.M
11 et and CONJ
12 iumentis beasts ABL.PL.N
13 ulcera sores NOM.PL.N
14 et and CONJ
15 vesicæ blisters NOM.PL.F
16 turgentes swelling NOM.PL.F.PRES.ACT.PPL
17 in in PREP+ABL
18 universa all ABL.SG.F
19 terra land ABL.SG.F
20 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Jussive Main Clause:
Sitque pulvis super omnem Terram Ægypti — “And let the dust be upon all the land of Egypt.”
• Sit — jussive subjunctive (command)
• pulvis — subject
• super omnem Terram Ægypti — prepositional phrase, location affected

Explanatory Clause:
erunt enim in hominibus et iumentis ulcera — “for there shall be sores on men and beasts.”
• erunt — future verb
• ulcera — subject
• in hominibus et iumentis — ablative of location

Coordinated Predicate:
et vesicæ turgentes — “and swelling blisters”
• vesicæ — subject
• turgentes — participle modifying vesicæ

Final Locative Phrase:
in universa terra Ægypti — “in all the land of Egypt.”

Morphology

  1. Sitque — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd singular + -que; Function: jussive command; Translation: “and let it be”; Notes: -que joins this command to the previous.
  2. pulvis — Lemma: pulvis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “dust”; Notes: Refers to ash turned plague.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses location; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates coverage of land.
  4. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies Terram; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  5. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: “land”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
  6. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: Clarifies geographic scope.
  7. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 3rd plural; Function: introduces future result; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Predicts coming plague.
  8. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: explanatory; Function: gives reason; Translation: “for”; Notes: Classical explanatory particle.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: “on”; Notes: Refers to affected bodies.
  10. hominibus — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: complements in; Translation: “men”; Notes: Human victims.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: links hominibus and iumentis; Translation: “and”; Notes: Coordination.
  12. iumentis — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: complements in; Translation: “beasts”; Notes: Refers to livestock.
  13. ulcera — Lemma: ulcus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “sores”; Notes: First symptom mentioned.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: connects two afflictions; Translation: “and”; Notes: Coordination.
  15. vesicæ — Lemma: vesica; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “blisters”; Notes: Visible swelling lesions.
  16. turgentes — Lemma: turgeo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural feminine present active participle; Function: modifies vesicæ; Translation: “swelling”; Notes: Describes blister condition.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: “in”; Notes: Geographic extent.
  18. universa — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: “all”; Notes: Total comprehensiveness.
  19. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: Physical region.
  20. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies land; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.