Exodus 12:46

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:46 In una domo comedetur, nec efferetis de carnibus eius foras, nec os illius confringetis.

In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry any of its meat outside, nor shall you break its bone.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 In in PREP+ABL
2 una one ABL.SG.F.ADJ
3 domo house ABL.SG.F
4 comedetur it shall be eaten 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
5 nec nor CONJ
6 efferetis you shall carry out 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
7 de from PREP+ABL
8 carnibus meat ABL.PL.F
9 eius its GEN.SG.M/F/NEUT.PRON
10 foras outside ADV
11 nec nor CONJ
12 os bone ACC.SG.N
13 illius of it / its GEN.SG.M/F/NEUT.PRON
14 confringetis you shall break 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

First clause (location + passive verb):
In una domo comedetur — “In one house it shall be eaten”
• In una domo = locative prepositional phrase
• comedetur = impersonal/collective passive (“it shall be eaten”)

Second clause (negation + future):
nec efferetis de carnibus eius foras — “nor shall you carry any of its meat outside”
• efferetis = 2nd plural future active
• de carnibus eius = ablative separation
• foras = directional adverb

Third clause (further prohibition):
nec os illius confringetis — “nor shall you break its bone”
• os illius = object + possessive
• confringetis = 2nd plural future active
• Prohibition parallels earlier rituals about the Passover lamb

Morphology

  1. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: “in”; Notes: introduces setting for eating.
  2. una — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies domo; Translation: “one”; Notes: emphasizes unity of place.
  3. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “house”; Notes: Passover must not be eaten in multiple locations.
  4. comedetur — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “it shall be eaten”; Notes: refers to the Passover lamb.
  5. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces negative clause; Translation: “nor”; Notes: works in series of prohibitions.
  6. efferetis — Lemma: effero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: “you shall carry out”; Notes: prohibits removal of meat.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: partitive meaning.
  8. carnibus — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “meat”; Notes: refers to Passover lamb.
  9. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive; Translation: “its”; Notes: refers to the lamb.
  10. foras — Lemma: foras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: expresses outward direction; Translation: “outside”; Notes: intensifies prohibition.
  11. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces second prohibition; Translation: “nor”; Notes: continues list.
  12. os — Lemma: os; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “bone”; Notes: a key Passover regulation.
  13. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies os; Translation: “its”; Notes: refers back to the lamb.
  14. confringetis — Lemma: confringo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: “you shall break”; Notes: stresses the lamb’s wholeness.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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