Exodus 12:45

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:45 Advena et mercenarius non edent ex eo.

The sojourner and the hired worker shall not eat of it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Advena sojourner NOM.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 mercenarius hired worker NOM.SG.M
4 non not ADV
5 edent shall eat 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
6 ex from / of PREP+ABL
7 eo it ABL.SG.M/NEUT.PRON

Syntax

Coordinated subject:
Advena et mercenarius — “the sojourner and the hired worker”
• Advena = first subject
• mercenarius = second subject connected by et

Negative future statement of prohibition:
non edent ex eo — “shall not eat of it”
• non = negation
• edent = main verb (future)
• ex eo = partitive phrase referring to the Passover lamb

Morphology

  1. Advena — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “sojourner”; Notes: non-Israelite dwelling temporarily among Israel.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links subjects; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordination.
  3. mercenarius — Lemma: mercenarius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: second subject; Translation: “hired worker”; Notes: wage laborer, not part of the household.
  4. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: fully negates the action.
  5. edent — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “they shall eat”; Notes: expresses binding future prohibition.
  6. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive phrase; Translation: “from / of”; Notes: refers to participation in the Passover meal.
  7. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to the Passover lamb.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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