Exodus 12:48

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:48 Quod si quis peregrinorum in vestram voluerit transire coloniam, et facere Phase Domini, circumcidetur prius omne masculinum eius, et tunc rite celebrabit: eritque sicut indigena terræ: si quis autem circumcisus non fuerit, non vescetur ex eo.

If any of the foreigners will wish to cross into your colony and to keep the Phase of the LORD, every male of his shall first be circumcised, and then he will properly celebrate; and he will be as a native of the land; but if anyone is not circumcised, he shall not eat from it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod because CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 quis anyone PRON.NOM.SG.M
4 peregrinorum of the foreigners NOUN.GEN.PL.M
5 in into PREP+ACC
6 vestram your ADJ.ACC.SG.F
7 voluerit will have wished 3SG.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
8 transire to cross INF.PRES.ACT
9 coloniam colony NOUN.ACC.SG.F
10 et and CONJ
11 facere to keep INF.PRES.ACT
12 Phase Pesaḥ / Passover NOUN.ACC.SG.N
13 Domini of the LORD NOUN.GEN.SG.M
14 circumcidetur he shall be circumcised 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
15 prius first ADV
16 omne every ADJ.NOM.SG.N
17 masculinum male NOUN.NOM.SG.N
18 eius of him PRON.GEN.SG.M
19 et and CONJ
20 tunc then ADV
21 rite properly ADV
22 celebrabit he will celebrate 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
23 eritque and he will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
24 sicut as CONJ
25 indigena native NOUN.NOM.SG.M
26 terræ of the land NOUN.GEN.SG.F
27 si if CONJ
28 quis anyone PRON.NOM.SG.M
29 autem however CONJ
30 circumcisus circumcised PART.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
31 non not ADV
32 fuerit he shall have been 3SG.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
33 non not ADV
34 vescetur he shall eat 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
35 ex from PREP+ABL
36 eo it PRON.ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause (first condition): quis peregrinorum (subject, “anyone of the foreigners”) + voluerit transire in vestram coloniam et facere Phase Domini (verbal complex expressing the conditional wish and intended actions).
Required preliminary action: circumcidetur prius omne masculinum eius (passive future, “every male of his shall first be circumcised”) as the condition for participation.
Resulting status and action: tunc rite celebrabit (he will then properly celebrate) + eritque sicut indigena terræ (he will be as a native of the land), showing full covenant inclusion.
Second Clause (negative condition): introduced by si quis autem; the participial phrase circumcisus non fuerit (“if he will not have been circumcised”) functions as the protasis, with the apodosis non vescetur ex eo (“he shall not eat from it”), excluding the uncircumcised from the Pesaḥ meal.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a clause linked to the previous law; Translation: “because”; Notes: serves as a connective particle in legal discourse.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a conditional protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: marks the legal condition.
  3. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of voluerit; Translation: “anyone”; Notes: generic reference to any individual.
  4. peregrinorum — Lemma: peregrinus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: partitive genitive with quis; Translation: “of the foreigners”; Notes: specifies the class of persons in view.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks motion into a place; Translation: “into”; Notes: directional, not locative.
  6. vestram — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies coloniam; Translation: “your”; Notes: refers to the community’s colony.
  7. voluerit — Lemma: volo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of the conditional protasis; Translation: “will have wished”; Notes: indicates a completed decision prior to the subsequent action.
  8. transire — Lemma: transeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive to voluerit; Translation: “to cross”; Notes: expresses movement into the covenant community.
  9. coloniam — Lemma: colonia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of transire; Translation: “colony”; Notes: denotes the Israelite settlement or community.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links infinitives transire and facere; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordination of actions.
  11. facere — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive to voluerit; Translation: “to keep”; Notes: idiomatic for observing a feast or rite.
  12. Phase — Lemma: Phase; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of facere; Translation: “Passover / Pesaḥ”; Notes: transliteration of the Hebrew name of the feast.
  13. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH, marking the feast as belonging to Him.
  14. circumcidetur — Lemma: circumcido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative third person singular; Function: mandates a required action; Translation: “shall be circumcised”; Notes: expresses a legal obligation in passive form.
  15. prius — Lemma: prius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal modifier of circumcidetur; Translation: “first”; Notes: indicates priority before participation.
  16. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: modifies masculinum; Translation: “every”; Notes: stresses the totality of male members.
  17. masculinum — Lemma: masculinum; Part of Speech: noun (substantivized adjective); Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of circumcidetur; Translation: “male”; Notes: generic term for male offspring or household members.
  18. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of his”; Notes: refers back to the foreigner in question.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links circumcision requirement with subsequent worship; Translation: “and”; Notes: signals sequence.
  20. tunc — Lemma: tunc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal adverb modifying celebrabit; Translation: “then”; Notes: only after circumcision.
  21. rite — Lemma: rite; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverbial modifier of celebrabit; Translation: “properly”; Notes: refers to correct ritual performance.
  22. celebrabit — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb describing lawful observance; Translation: “he will celebrate”; Notes: looks to future participation in the feast.
  23. eritque — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular; Function: copular verb with enclitic -que linking to celebrabit; Translation: “and he will be”; Notes: introduces the resulting legal status.
  24. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a comparison; Translation: “as”; Notes: sets up simile with indigena.
  25. indigena — Lemma: indigena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative with erit; Translation: “native”; Notes: indicates full equivalence to a native-born Israelite.
  26. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: “of the land”; Notes: “native of the land” as a legal category.
  27. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a second conditional protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: opens the negative counterpart.
  28. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of fuerit and vescetur; Translation: “anyone”; Notes: again generic.
  29. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative connective; Translation: “however”; Notes: contrasts this condition with the previous one.
  30. circumcisus — Lemma: circumcido; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective with fuerit; Translation: “circumcised”; Notes: describes the required prior state.
  31. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates fuerit; Translation: “not”; Notes: makes the condition a failure to meet the requirement.
  32. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: finite verb in the protasis; Translation: “shall have been”; Notes: indicates the prior state of being circumcised or not.
  33. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates vescetur; Translation: “not”; Notes: expresses prohibition.
  34. vescetur — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: future indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of the apodosis; Translation: “he shall eat”; Notes: deponent with active meaning, used for partaking of food.
  35. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks source or partitive relation; Translation: “from”; Notes: introduces the source of the food.
  36. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers back to the Pesaḥ victim or meal.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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