Exodus 12:49

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:49 Eadem lex erit indigenæ et colono qui peregrinatur apud vos.

The same law shall be for the native-born and for the settler who sojourns among you.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Eadem the same ADJ.NOM.SG.F
2 lex law NOUN.NOM.SG.F
3 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
4 indigenæ to the native NOUN.DAT.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 colono to the settler NOUN.DAT.SG.M
7 qui who PRON.NOM.SG.M
8 peregrinatur sojourns 3SG.PRES.DEP.IND
9 apud among PREP+ACC
10 vos you PRON.ACC.PL

Syntax

Main clause: Eadem lex (subject) + erit (future copula) expresses a legal declaration of equality.
Dative complements: indigenæ and colono function as indirect objects receiving the legal application.
Relative clause: qui peregrinatur apud vos modifies colono, identifying the settler as one “who sojourns among you.”

Morphology

  1. Eadem — Lemma: idem; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies lex; Translation: “the same”; Notes: feminine agreement with lex.
  2. lex — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “law”; Notes: core legal term.
  3. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: future tense expressing legal determination.
  4. indigenæ — Lemma: indigena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the native-born”; Notes: legal category of those born within Israel.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links dative nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins recipients of the law.
  6. colono — Lemma: colonus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the settler”; Notes: resident alien integrated into the community.
  7. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of peregrinatur; Translation: “who”; Notes: refers back to colono.
  8. peregrinatur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: present deponent indicative third person singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “sojourns”; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  9. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates relational location; Translation: “among”; Notes: expresses social proximity.
  10. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of apud; Translation: “you”; Notes: addressed to Israel collectively.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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