Exodus 25:14

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

14 Inducesque per circulos qui sunt in arcæ lateribus, ut portetur in eis:

And you shall insert them through the rings that are on the sides of the ark, so that it may be carried by them,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Inducesque and you shall insert 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 per through PREP+ACC
3 circulos rings ACC.PL.M.NOUN.2ND DECL
4 qui which NOM.PL.M.PRON.REL
5 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 arcæ of the ark GEN.SG.F.NOUN.1ST DECL
8 lateribus sides ABL.PL.N.NOUN.3RD DECL
9 ut so that CONJ
10 portetur it may be carried 3SG.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
11 in by PREP+ABL
12 eis them ABL.PL.M.PRON

Syntax

Main command: Inducesque per circulos gives the instruction to insert the poles through the rings.
Relative clause: qui sunt in arcæ lateribus identifies which rings are meant—those located on the ark’s sides.
Purpose clause: ut portetur expresses the intended result.
Instrumental phrase: in eis indicates the means by which the ark is carried (i.e., by the poles).

Morphology

  1. Inducesque — Lemma: induco + que; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second singular future active indicative; Function: command; Translation: and you shall insert; Notes: enclitic -que joins this command to the prior one.
  2. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses movement through an opening; Translation: through; Notes: spatial relation.
  3. circulos — Lemma: circulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: rings; Notes: support structures for the poles.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the rings.
  5. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third plural present active indicative; Function: linking verb; Translation: are; Notes: states existence/location.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative relation; Translation: in; Notes: describes placement of rings.
  7. arcæ — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive; Translation: of the ark; Notes: refers to the Ark of the Covenant.
  8. lateribus — Lemma: latus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: sides; Notes: structural sides of the ark.
  9. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces subjunctive clause; Function: purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: marks intended result.
  10. portetur — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third singular present passive subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: it may be carried; Notes: passive expresses being borne by the poles.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates instrument or means; Translation: by; Notes: refers to the poles.
  12. eis — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the carrying poles.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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