Exodus 25:22

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 25:22 Inde præcipiam, et loquar ad te supra propitiatorium, ac de medio duorum Cherubim, qui erunt super arcam testimonii, cuncta quæ mandabo per te filiis Israel.

From there I will give commands, and I will speak to you above the mercy-seat, and from between the two Cherubim who shall be over the ark of the testimony, all the things that I will command through you to the sons of Israel.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Inde from there ADV
2 præcipiam I will command 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 et and CONJ
4 loquar I will speak 1SG.FUT.DEP.IND
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 te you ACC.SG.2ND.PERS.PRON
7 supra above PREP+ACC
8 propitiatorium mercy-seat ACC.SG.N.2ND DECL
9 ac and CONJ
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 medio middle ABL.SG.N.2ND DECL
12 duorum of two GEN.PL.M.ADJ
13 Cherubim Cherubim GEN.PL.M.INVAR
14 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL.PRON
15 erunt shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
16 super over PREP+ACC
17 arcam ark ACC.SG.F.1ST DECL
18 testimonii of the testimony GEN.SG.N.2ND DECL
19 cuncta all things ACC.PL.N.ADJ
20 quæ which ACC.PL.N.REL.PRON
21 mandabo I will command 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
22 per through PREP+ACC
23 te you ACC.SG.2ND.PERS.PRON
24 filiis to the sons DAT.PL.M.2ND DECL
25 Israel Israel DAT.PL.M.INVAR

Syntax

Main future declarations: præcipiam and loquar form two coordinated divine promises of action.
Indirect object: ad te identifies Moses as the recipient of divine speech.
Locative expression: supra propitiatorium defines the point above the mercy-seat.
Source phrase: de medio duorum Cherubim specifies the divine speaking place between the Cherubim.
Relative clause: qui erunt super arcam testimonii modifies Cherubim with a future location clause.
Object clause: cuncta quæ mandabo introduces the totality of divine commands.
Agentive extension: per te filiis Israel marks Moses as the mediator transmitting commands to Israel.

Morphology

  1. Inde — Lemma: inde; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: expresses origin; Translation: from there; Notes: refers to the mercy-seat.
  2. præcipiam — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first singular future active indicative; Function: divine promise; Translation: I will command; Notes: part of the instruction formula.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links verbs.
  4. loquar — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first singular future deponent indicative; Function: second divine action; Translation: I will speak; Notes: deponent form.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: introduces indirect object.
  6. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: you; Notes: Moses.
  7. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: above; Notes: locational directive.
  8. propitiatorium — Lemma: propitiatorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of supra; Translation: mercy-seat; Notes: place of divine presence.
  9. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: strong link; Translation: and; Notes: emphasizes connection.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: spatial origin.
  11. medio — Lemma: medium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: middle; Notes: between the Cherubim.
  12. duorum — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: quantifies Cherubim; Translation: of two; Notes: partitive genitive.
  13. Cherubim — Lemma: Cherub; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural invariable; Function: depends on duorum; Translation: Cherubim; Notes: Hebrew plural form.
  14. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: relative pronoun; Translation: who; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  15. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third plural future active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: will be; Notes: future placement.
  16. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: over; Notes: elevated position.
  17. arcam — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: ark; Notes: sacred chest.
  18. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: specifies type of ark; Translation: of the testimony; Notes: covenant tablets.
  19. cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object; Translation: all things; Notes: totality marker.
  20. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: relative pronoun; Translation: which; Notes: connects to cuncta.
  21. mandabo — Lemma: mando; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first singular future active indicative; Function: verb of object clause; Translation: I will command; Notes: divine instruction.
  22. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: instrument/agency; Translation: through; Notes: Moses as mediator.
  23. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: agent; Translation: you; Notes: Moses is intermediary.
  24. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the sons; Notes: Israel as recipients.
  25. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural (indeclinable); Function: indirect object; Translation: Israel; Notes: Hebrew proper name.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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