Exodus 25:23

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 25:23 Facies et mensam de lignis setim, habentem duos cubitos longitudinis, et in latitudine cubitum, et in altitudine cubitum et semissem.

You shall also make a table of setim wood, having two cubits in length, and one cubit in width, and one cubit and a half in height.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Facies you shall make 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 et and CONJ
3 mensam table ACC.SG.F.1ST DECL
4 de of PREP+ABL
5 lignis woods ABL.PL.N.3RD DECL
6 setim setim / acacia ABL.PL.N.INVAR
7 habentem having PTCP.PRES.ACT.ACC.SG.F
8 duos two ACC.PL.M.ADJ
9 cubitos cubits ACC.PL.M.2ND DECL
10 longitudinis of length GEN.SG.F.3RD DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 latitudine width ABL.SG.F.3RD DECL
14 cubitum a cubit ACC.SG.M.2ND DECL
15 et and CONJ
16 in in PREP+ABL
17 altitudine height ABL.SG.F.3RD DECL
18 cubitum a cubit ACC.SG.M.2ND DECL
19 et and CONJ
20 semissem a half ACC.SG.M.NOUN.INVAR

Syntax

Main instruction: Facies … mensam gives the command to make the table.
Material phrase: de lignis setim indicates construction material.
Participial description: habentem duos cubitos longitudinis expresses dimensional attributes.
Further specifications: in latitudine cubitum and in altitudine cubitum et semissem define width and height respectively.

Morphology

  1. Facies — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second singular future active indicative; Function: main command; Translation: you shall make; Notes: directive addressed to Moses.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links instructions; Translation: and; Notes: simple connector.
  3. mensam — Lemma: mensa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: table; Notes: furniture of the sanctuary.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates material; Translation: of; Notes: expresses composition.
  5. lignis — Lemma: lignum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of *de*; Translation: woods; Notes: construction material.
  6. setim — Lemma: setim; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural invariable; Function: specifies type of wood; Translation: setim / acacia; Notes: Hebrew loanword.
  7. habentem — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies *mensam*; Translation: having; Notes: attributes dimensions.
  8. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: quantifies *cubitos*; Translation: two; Notes: exact measurement.
  9. cubitos — Lemma: cubitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of measurement; Translation: cubits; Notes: unit of biblical length.
  10. longitudinis — Lemma: longitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of length; Notes: dimension category.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connector; Translation: and; Notes: joins dimension phrases.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces dimension; Translation: in; Notes: spatial/metaphorical marker.
  13. latitudine — Lemma: latitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: width; Notes: second dimension.
  14. cubitum — Lemma: cubitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: measurement; Translation: a cubit; Notes: unit of measure.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: repeated for rhythm.
  16. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces final dimension; Translation: in; Notes: consistent usage.
  17. altitudine — Lemma: altitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: height; Notes: vertical measurement.
  18. cubitum — Lemma: cubitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: measurement; Translation: a cubit; Notes: repeated unit.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects final detail; Translation: and; Notes: links closing measurement.
  20. semissem — Lemma: semis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: measurement complement; Translation: a half; Notes: indicates fractional measure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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