Exodus 26:18

Posted on March 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 26:18 Quarum viginti erunt in latere meridiano quod vergit ad Austrum.

Of which twenty shall be on the southern side, which faces toward the South.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quarum of which GEN.PL.F, PRON.REL
2 viginti twenty INVAR, NUM.ADJ
3 erunt shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND, IRREG (sum)
4 in in/on PREP+ABL
5 latere side ABL.SG.N, NOUN, 3RD DECL
6 meridiano southern ABL.SG.N, ADJ, 2ND DECL
7 quod which NOM.SG.N, PRON.REL
8 vergit faces, turns 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND, 3RD CONJ
9 ad toward PREP+ACC
10 Austrum the South ACC.SG.M, NOUN, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main clause:
• Quarum viginti erunt — “Of which twenty shall be”
— Quarum = genitive plural, referring to the boards
— viginti = subject (numeral used substantively)
— erunt = future, indicating placement

Locational phrase:
• in latere meridiano — “on the southern side”
— ablative of location

Relative clause:
• quod vergit ad Austrum — “which faces toward the South”
— quod: neuter singular referring to latus
— vergit: expresses orientation
— ad Austrum: direction toward which the side faces

Morphology

  1. Quarum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: of which; Notes: refers back to all the previously described boards.
  2. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: invariable; Function: subject of erunt; Translation: twenty; Notes: cardinal numerals are indeclinable.
  3. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be; Notes: describes fixed placement.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in/on; Notes: introduces spatial position.
  5. latere — Lemma: latus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: side; Notes: architectural term of the tabernacle.
  6. meridiano — Lemma: meridianus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifier of latere; Translation: southern; Notes: indicates cardinal orientation.
  7. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of vergit; Translation: which; Notes: refers to latus (neuter).
  8. vergit — Lemma: vergo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: faces, turns; Notes: often used for compass orientation.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: toward; Notes: expresses orientation.
  10. Austrum — Lemma: Auster; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: the South; Notes: refers to the southern cardinal point.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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