Exodus 28:1

Posted on March 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 28:1 Applica quoque ad te Aaron fratrem tuum cum filiis suis de medio filiorum Israel, ut sacerdotio fungantur mihi: Aaron, Nadab, et Abiu, Eleazar, et Ithamar.

Apply also to yourself Aaron your brother with his sons from the midst of the sons of Israel, so that they may perform the priesthood for Me: Aaron, Nadab, and Abiu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Applica bring near 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP, 3RD CONJ
2 quoque also ADV.INDECL
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 te you PRON.PERS.ACC.SG
5 Aaron Aaron NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL
6 fratrem brother ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
7 tuum your PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.M
8 cum with PREP+ABL
9 filiis sons ABL.PL.M, 2ND DECL
10 suis their PRON.REFL.ABL.PL.M
11 de from PREP+ABL
12 medio midst ABL.SG.N, 2ND DECL
13 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M, 2ND DECL
14 Israel Israel NOUN.GEN.SG.M.INDECL
15 ut so that CONJ.SUBORD
16 sacerdotio priesthood ABL.SG.N, 3RD DECL
17 fungantur perform 3PL.PRES.DEP.SUBJ
18 mihi for me PRON.PERS.DAT.SG
19 Aaron Aaron NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL
20 Nadab Nadab NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL
21 et and CONJ.COORD
22 Abiu Abihu NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL
23 Eleazar Eleazar NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL
24 et and CONJ.COORD
25 Ithamar Ithamar NOUN.NOM.SG.M.INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Applica is the main verb of command.
Aaron fratrem tuum — direct object (“bring near Aaron your brother”).
ad te — prepositional phrase of direction.
cum filiis suis — accompanying phrase.

Subordinate Clause (ut fungantur):
fungantur — subjunctive of purpose (“so that they may perform”).
sacerdotio — Ablative of respect/means (“in the priesthood”).
mihi — Dative of advantage (“for me”).

Appositional List:
Aaron, Nadab, Abiu, Eleazar, Ithamar — nominative names in apposition to filiis suis.

Morphology

  1. Applica — Lemma: applico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active imperative; Function: main verb of command; Translation: bring near; Notes: Imperative issuing instruction from YHWH to Moses.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifier (“also”); Translation: also; Notes: joins this directive to previous commands.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: to; Notes: regular use with verbs of motion.
  4. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: you; Notes: refers directly to Moses.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: object of Applica; Translation: Aaron; Notes: indeclinable Hebrew proper name.
  6. fratrem — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: in apposition to Aaron; Translation: brother; Notes: clarifies familial relation.
  7. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies fratrem; Translation: your; Notes: agrees in case, number, and gender.
  8. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: frequent in priestly passages.
  9. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to Aaron’s sons.
  10. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive possessive pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: his/their; Notes: reflexive to the subject Moses/Aaron per context.
  11. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: from; Notes: common in the Torah sections.
  12. medio — Lemma: medium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: midst; Notes: idiomatic with de.
  13. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the sons; Notes: governs Israel.
  14. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive of filiorum; Translation: Israel; Notes: indeclinable Hebrew name.
  15. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introducing purpose clause; Function: marks purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: standard use with subjunctive.
  16. sacerdotio — Lemma: sacerdotium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: priesthood; Notes: refers to cultic office.
  17. fungantur — Lemma: fungor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd person plural present deponent subjunctive; Function: verb of the purpose clause; Translation: may perform; Notes: fungor takes ablative object.
  18. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for me; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  19. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositional name; Translation: Aaron; Notes: first in list of priests.
  20. Nadab — Lemma: Nadab; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: second in apposition; Translation: Nadab; Notes: proper name.
  21. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinator; Translation: and; Notes: joins names.
  22. Abiu — Lemma: Abiu; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: proper name; Translation: Abiu; Notes: son of Aaron.
  23. Eleazar — Lemma: Eleazar; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: fourth in the appositional list; Translation: Eleazar; Notes: later High Priest.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinator; Translation: and; Notes: final coordinator in list.
  25. Ithamar — Lemma: Ithamar; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: final member of appositional list; Translation: Ithamar; Notes: youngest son of Aaron.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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