Leviticus 4:2

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:2 Loquere filiis Israel: Anima, quæ peccaverit per ignorantiam, et de universis mandatis Domini, quæ præcepit ut non fierent, quippiam fecerit:

“Speak to the sons of Israel: ‘A soul which shall have sinned through ignorance, and from among all the commandments of the LORD which He commanded not to be done, shall have done anything;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere Speak VERB, 2SG.FUT.IMP.ACT
2 filiis to the sons NOUN, DAT.PL.M, 2ND DECL
3 Israel Israel NOUN, DAT.SG.M, INDECL
4 Anima A soul NOUN, NOM.SG.F, 1ST DECL
5 quæ which PRON, NOM.SG.F, REL
6 peccaverit shall have sinned VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
7 per through PREP+ACC
8 ignorantiam ignorance NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 1ST DECL
9 et and CONJ
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 universis all ADJ, ABL.PL.N, POS
12 mandatis commandments NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 2ND DECL
13 Domini of the LORD NOUN, GEN.SG.M, 2ND DECL
14 quæ which PRON, ACC.PL.N, REL
15 præcepit He commanded VERB, 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
16 ut that CONJ
17 non not ADV
18 fierent might be done VERB, 3PL.IMP.SUBJ.PASS
19 quippiam anything PRON, ACC.SG.N, INDEF
20 fecerit shall have done VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND

Syntax

Imperative Introduction: Loquere filiis Israel — commands Moses to address Israel.
Main Noun Clause: Anima quæ peccaverit per ignorantiam — defines the legal subject committing an unwitting sin.
Prepositional Phrase: de universis mandatis Domini — scope of commandments potentially violated.
Relative Clause: quæ præcepit ut non fierent — specifies prohibited divine commands.
Final Condition: quippiam fecerit — expresses any wrongful action performed unknowingly.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future imperative active (deponent form); Function: direct command; Translation: Speak; Notes: typical divine instruction formula to Moses.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the sons; Notes: identifies recipients of the instruction.
  3. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: completes indirect object phrase; Translation: Israel; Notes: fixed form in Latin Bible.
  4. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: A soul; Notes: legal term for an individual person.
  5. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: relative pronoun modifying anima; Translation: which; Notes: introduces condition clause.
  6. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: conditional verb; Translation: shall have sinned; Notes: marks unwitting violation.
  7. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses cause or manner; Translation: through; Notes: indicates ignorance as the manner of sinning.
  8. ignorantiam — Lemma: ignorantia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: ignorance; Notes: theological category for unintentional sin.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates two legal descriptions.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: introduces commandments violated.
  11. universis — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies mandatis; Translation: all; Notes: shows full scope of divine law.
  12. mandatis — Lemma: mandatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: commandments; Notes: refers to divine commands.
  13. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies mandatis; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH and must be translated “LORD.”
  14. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of præcepit; Translation: which; Notes: refers to commandments forbidden to be broken.
  15. præcepit — Lemma: praecipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: He commanded; Notes: divine legislation.
  16. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces subjunctive purpose clause; Translation: that; Notes: specifies divine intent.
  17. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: negates fierent.
  18. fierent — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect subjunctive passive; Function: complement in ut clause; Translation: might be done; Notes: passive form of becoming/doing.
  19. quippiam — Lemma: quippiam; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of fecerit; Translation: anything; Notes: indefinite referring to any violation.
  20. fecerit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: completes legal condition; Translation: shall have done; Notes: expresses any action contrary to command.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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