Leviticus 4:14

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:14 et postea intellexerit peccatum suum, offeret pro peccato suo vitulum, adducetque eum ad ostium tabernaculi.

and afterward, when he has understood his sin, he shall offer for his sin a young bull, and he shall bring it to the entrance of the tabernacle.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 postea afterward ADV
3 intellexerit has understood VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 peccatum sin NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
5 suum his own ADJ, ACC.SG.N, POSS
6 offeret he shall offer VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin NOUN, ABL.SG.N, 2ND DECL
9 suo his own ADJ, ABL.SG.N, POSS
10 vitulum young bull NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 2ND DECL
11 adducetque and he shall bring VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
12 eum him / it PRON, ACC.SG.M, PERS
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 ostium entrance NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
15 tabernaculi of the tabernacle NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause: postea intellexerit peccatum suum — describes the moment of realization following inadvertent sin.
Main Action: offeret … vitulum — required sacrificial response once guilt is understood.
Prepositional Phrase: pro peccato suo — identifies the offering’s purpose: atonement.
Coordinated Action: adducetque eum ad ostium tabernaculi — the animal must be physically brought to the sanctuary entrance.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links sequence of legal steps; Translation: and; Notes: smooth continuation from prior condition.
  2. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks temporal progression; Translation: afterward; Notes: signals time of awareness.
  3. intellexerit — Lemma: intellego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of the protasis; Translation: has understood; Notes: expresses realization as prerequisite to sacrifice.
  4. peccatum — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of intellexerit; Translation: sin; Notes: the wrongdoing now recognized.
  5. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies peccatum; Translation: his own; Notes: reflexive referring to Israel’s assembly.
  6. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall offer; Notes: legal requirement upon discovery of guilt.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses purpose/substitution; Translation: for; Notes: introduces sacrificial purpose.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: denotes reason for offering.
  9. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective (possessive); Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies peccato; Translation: his own; Notes: refers back to the assembly’s sin.
  10. vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of offeret; Translation: young bull; Notes: required offering for communal guilt.
  11. adducetque — Lemma: adduco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: coordinated main action; Translation: and he shall bring; Notes: -que joins this action tightly to offeret.
  12. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of adducetque; Translation: him / it; Notes: refers to the young bull.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: to; Notes: marks destination.
  14. ostium — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: entrance; Notes: official access point to sanctuary.
  15. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive genitive modifying ostium; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: refers to the Tabernacle of Testimony.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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