Leviticus 4:13

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:13 Quod si omnis turba Israel ignoraverit, et per imperitiam fecerit quod contra mandatum Domini est,

But if the whole assembly of Israel has erred, and through ignorance has done something that is against the command of the LORD,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 omnis the whole ADJ, NOM.SG.F, 3RD DECL
4 turba assembly NOUN, NOM.SG.F, 1ST DECL
5 Israel Israel NOUN, INDECL, NOM.SG.M
6 ignoraverit has erred VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
7 et and CONJ
8 per through PREP+ACC
9 imperitiam ignorance NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 1ST DECL
10 fecerit has done VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
11 quod what PRON, ACC.SG.N, REL
12 contra against PREP+ACC
13 mandatum command NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
14 Domini of the LORD NOUN, GEN.SG.M, 2ND DECL
15 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Quod si … ignoraverit … fecerit — introduces a legal condition regarding collective sin.
Main Subject: omnis turba Israel — the entire covenant assembly.
Causal Phrase: per imperitiam — expresses the cause of the sin: lack of knowledge.
Relative Clause: quod contra mandatum Domini est — defines the sinful act as a violation of the LORD’s command.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional emphasis; Translation: but; Notes: strengthens the following si-clause.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: standard legal formula.
  3. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies turba; Translation: the whole; Notes: stresses totality of the people.
  4. turba — Lemma: turba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: assembly; Notes: refers to the nation collectively.
  5. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: indeclinable nominative singular masculine; Function: appositional identifier; Translation: Israel; Notes: preserved Hebraic form.
  6. ignoraverit — Lemma: ignoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: first verb in condition; Translation: has erred; Notes: future perfect expresses legal protasis.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: joins two related verb actions.
  8. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces cause; Translation: through; Notes: expresses means or reason.
  9. imperitiam — Lemma: imperitia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: ignorance; Notes: ignorance mitigates guilt but still requires sacrifice.
  10. fecerit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: second verb of protasis; Translation: has done; Notes: describes the sinful act itself.
  11. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: relative pronoun connecting to fecerit; Translation: what; Notes: refers to unspecified action.
  12. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates violation; Translation: against; Notes: frequently used in legal prohibitions.
  13. mandatum — Lemma: mandatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of contra; Translation: command; Notes: refers to divine legal instruction.
  14. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH; must be translated “LORD.”
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula of relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: defines act as transgression.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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