Leviticus 10:16

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:16 Inter hæc, hircum, qui oblatus fuerat pro peccato, cum quæreret Moyses, exustum reperit: iratusque contra Eleazar et Ithamar filios Aaron, qui remanserant, ait:

In the midst of these things, the he-goat, which had been offered for sin, when Moyses was seeking, he found burned; and being angry against Eleazar and Ithamar, sons of Aaron, who had remained, he said:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Inter among PREP+ACC
2 hæc these things ACC.PL.N
3 hircum the goat ACC.SG.M
4 qui which REL.NOM.SG.M
5 oblatus offered PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
6 fuerat had been 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
9 cum when CONJ
10 quæreret he was seeking 3SG.IMPF.SUBJ.ACT
11 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
12 exustum burned up PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.SG.M
13 reperit he found 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
14 iratusque and being angry PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M+CONJ
15 contra against PREP+ACC
16 Eleazar Eleazar ACC.SG.M
17 et and CONJ
18 Ithamar Ithamar ACC.SG.M
19 filios sons ACC.PL.M
20 Aaron Aaron GEN.SG.M
21 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
22 remanserant had remained 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
23 ait he said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Temporal Frame: Inter hæc — situational transition
Main Object Sought: hircum with relative clause qui oblatus fuerat pro peccato
Circumstantial Clause: cum quæreret Moyses — temporal circumstance
Result Clause: exustum reperit — discovery outcome
Participial Modifier: iratusque — Moses’ emotional state
Target of Anger: contra Eleazar et Ithamar filios Aaron — addressed priests
Speech Introduction: ait — prepares direct discourse

Morphology

  1. Inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal relation; Translation: among; Notes: Introduces intervening circumstances.
  2. hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of inter; Translation: these things; Notes: Refers to preceding events.
  3. hircum — Lemma: hircus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: the goat; Notes: Sin offering animal.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the goat.
  5. oblatus — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate with fuerat; Translation: offered; Notes: Completed ritual act.
  6. fuerat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: had been; Notes: Prior state emphasized.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates substitutionary function.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Cultic offense.
  9. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: temporal; Translation: when; Notes: Introduces background action.
  10. quæreret — Lemma: quæro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: he was seeking; Notes: Ongoing search.
  11. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: Covenant mediator.
  12. exustum — Lemma: exuro; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle accusative masculine singular; Function: object complement; Translation: burned up; Notes: Contrary to expectation.
  13. reperit — Lemma: reperio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he found; Notes: Concludes the search.
  14. iratusque — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect nominative masculine singular; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: and being angry; Notes: Emotional response.
  15. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: opposition; Translation: against; Notes: Direction of anger.
  16. Eleazar — Lemma: Eleazar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of contra; Translation: Eleazar; Notes: Priestly son.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins names.
  18. Ithamar — Lemma: Ithamar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of contra; Translation: Ithamar; Notes: Priestly son.
  19. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: apposition; Translation: sons; Notes: Identifies relationship.
  20. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filios; Translation: of Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  21. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Further specification.
  22. remanserant — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: had remained; Notes: Surviving sons.
  23. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: speech introducer; Translation: he said; Notes: Leads into rebuke.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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