Leviticus 10:19

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:19 Respondit Aaron: Oblata est hodie victima pro peccato, et holocaustum coram Domino: mihi autem accidit quod vides. quomodo potui comedere eam, aut placere Domino in ceremoniis mente lugubri?

Aaron replied: “The victim for sin has been offered today, and the burnt offering before the Lord; but to me has happened what you see. How could I have eaten it, or pleased the LORD in ceremonies with a mournful mind?”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Respondit answered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
3 Oblata offered PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.F
4 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
5 hodie today ADV
6 victima sacrifice NOM.SG.F
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
9 et and CONJ
10 holocaustum burnt offering NOM.SG.N
11 coram before PREP+ABL
12 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
13 mihi to me DAT.SG
14 autem however CONJ
15 accidit has happened 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
16 quod that which REL.NOM.SG.N
17 vides you see 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
18 quomodo how ADV
19 potui could I 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
20 comedere to eat INF.PRES.ACT
21 eam it ACC.SG.F
22 aut or CONJ
23 placere to please INF.PRES.ACT
24 Domino the LORD DAT.SG.M
25 in in PREP+ABL
26 ceremoniis rites ABL.PL.F
27 mente mind ABL.SG.F
28 lugubri grieving ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main Speech Frame: Respondit Aaron — reply to Moses
Passive Assertion: Oblata est hodie victima pro peccato et holocaustum — ritual completion
Locative Sphere: coram Domino — divine presence
Adversative Clause: mihi autem accidit quod vides — mitigating circumstance
Rhetorical Question: quomodo potui comedere eam aut placere Domino — impossibility under grief
Manner Phrase: in ceremoniis mente lugubri — state of mourning

Morphology

  1. Respondit — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: answered; Notes: Introduces Aaron’s defense.
  2. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest speaking.
  3. Oblata — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate with est; Translation: offered; Notes: Ritual completion stated.
  4. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: Forms passive.
  5. hodie — Lemma: hodie; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal; Translation: today; Notes: Emphasizes immediacy.
  6. victima — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject; Translation: sacrifice; Notes: Sin offering referenced.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Substitutionary sense.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Cultic offense.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links offerings.
  10. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: burnt offering; Notes: Wholly consumed rite.
  11. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: presence; Translation: before; Notes: Divine audience.
  12. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  13. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to me; Notes: Personal impact.
  14. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative; Translation: however; Notes: Introduces contrast.
  15. accidit — Lemma: accido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of clause; Translation: has happened; Notes: Unexpected events.
  16. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: that which; Notes: Refers to visible events.
  17. vides — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of perception; Translation: you see; Notes: Appeals to Moses’ observation.
  18. quomodo — Lemma: quomodo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: interrogative; Translation: how; Notes: Introduces rhetorical question.
  19. potui — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular perfect active indicative; Function: modal verb; Translation: could I; Notes: Expresses inability.
  20. comedere — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to eat; Notes: Priestly duty questioned.
  21. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: The sin offering.
  22. aut — Lemma: aut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Second option posed.
  23. placere — Lemma: placeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to please; Notes: Acceptance by God.
  24. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: the LORD; Notes: YHWH as judge.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: manner; Translation: in; Notes: Circumstantial state.
  26. ceremoniis — Lemma: ceremonia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of in; Translation: rites; Notes: Ritual acts.
  27. mente — Lemma: mens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: means or manner; Translation: mind; Notes: Internal state.
  28. lugubri — Lemma: lugubris; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies mente; Translation: grieving; Notes: State of mourning.

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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