Leviticus 10:18

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:18 præsertim cum de sanguine illius non sit illatum intra sancta, et comedere debueritis eam in Sanctuario, sicut præceptum est mihi?

especially since its blood was not brought inside the holy place, and you ought to have eaten it in the Sanctuary, just as it was commanded to me?”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 præsertim especially ADV
2 cum since CONJ
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 sanguine blood ABL.SG.M
5 illius of it GEN.SG.M
6 non not ADV
7 sit was 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
8 illatum brought in PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.N
9 intra within PREP+ACC
10 sancta holy place ACC.PL.N
11 et and CONJ
12 comedere to eat INF.PRES.ACT
13 debueritis you ought 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
14 eam it ACC.SG.F
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 Sanctuario Sanctuary ABL.SG.N
17 sicut just as CONJ
18 præceptum commanded NOM.SG.N
19 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
20 mihi to me DAT.SG

Syntax

Adverbial Emphasis: præsertim — intensifies the rebuke
Causal Clause: cum de sanguine illius non sit illatum intra sancta — reason for obligation
Coordinated Obligation: et comedere debueritis eam in Sanctuario — neglected duty
Normative Standard: sicut præceptum est mihi — appeal to divine command

Morphology

  1. præsertim — Lemma: præsertim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: emphasis; Translation: especially; Notes: Heightens the seriousness of the charge.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal; Translation: since; Notes: Introduces justification.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Refers to sacrificial blood.
  4. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: blood; Notes: Central to atonement rites.
  5. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies sanguine; Translation: of it; Notes: Refers to the sin offering.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies expected action.
  7. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: was; Notes: Subjunctive governed by cum.
  8. illatum — Lemma: infero; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate with sit; Translation: brought in; Notes: Ritual transfer.
  9. intra — Lemma: intra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: within; Notes: Interior sacred space.
  10. sancta — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of intra; Translation: holy place; Notes: Inner sacred area.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins obligations.
  12. comedere — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to eat; Notes: Required priestly act.
  13. debueritis — Lemma: debeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural perfect active indicative; Function: obligation; Translation: you ought; Notes: Moral and legal necessity.
  14. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: The sin offering.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Static position.
  16. Sanctuario — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: Sanctuary; Notes: Official sacred precinct.
  17. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: comparison; Translation: just as; Notes: Appeals to precedent.
  18. præceptum — Lemma: præceptum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: commanded; Notes: Divine ordinance.
  19. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States binding authority.
  20. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to me; Notes: Moses as recipient of the command.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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