Leviticus 23:32

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 32:32 sabbatum requietionis est, et affligetis animas vestras die nono mensis: A vespera usque ad vesperam celebrabitis sabbata vestra.

It is a sabbath of rest, and you shall afflict your souls on the ninth day of the month; from evening to evening you shall celebrate your sabbath.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sabbatum sabbath NOM.SG.N
2 requietionis of rest GEN.SG.F
3 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 et and CONJ
5 affligetis you shall afflict 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
6 animas souls ACC.PL.F
7 vestras your ACC.PL.F.POSS
8 die day ABL.SG.M
9 nono ninth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
10 mensis of the month GEN.SG.M
11 A from PREP+ABL
12 vespera evening ABL.SG.F
13 usque until ADV
14 ad to PREP+ACC
15 vesperam evening ACC.SG.F
16 celebrabitis you shall celebrate 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
17 sabbata sabbath ACC.PL.N
18 vestra your ACC.PL.N.POSS

Syntax

Copular Declaration: sabbatum requietionis est — nominative subject with a genitive of quality defining the day as one of complete rest.
Self-Affliction Command: et affligetis animas vestras — coordinated legislative future prescribing ritual humility.
Temporal Specification: die nono mensis — ablative expression fixing the calendar date of the observance.
Duration Formula: A vespera usque ad vesperam — prepositional phrase defining the full liturgical span.
Observance Command: celebrabitis sabbata vestra — future command requiring active observance throughout the stated period.

Morphology

  1. sabbatum — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: “sabbath”; Notes: Designates a sacred day set apart for rest.
  2. requietionis — Lemma: requietio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: attributive genitive; Translation: “of rest”; Notes: Defines the sabbath by its essential character.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: States a defining reality.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links definition with obligation.
  5. affligetis — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: command; Translation: “you shall afflict”; Notes: Prescribes ritual self-humbling.
  6. animas — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “souls”; Notes: Refers to the inner life of each person.
  7. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: modifies animas; Translation: “your”; Notes: Addresses the covenant community.
  8. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal setting; Translation: “day”; Notes: Used in calendrical specification.
  9. nono — Lemma: nonus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “ninth”; Notes: Identifies the date preceding the Day of Expiation.
  10. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Completes the calendrical reference.
  11. A — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: starting point; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces the beginning of the observance.
  12. vespera — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of a; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Marks the liturgical start.
  13. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: extent; Translation: “until”; Notes: Emphasizes continuity.
  14. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: endpoint; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the terminus.
  15. vesperam — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “evening”; Notes: Marks the close of the observance.
  16. celebrabitis — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: command; Translation: “you shall celebrate”; Notes: Requires active observance.
  17. sabbata — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “sabbath”; Notes: Plural used distributively for the observance.
  18. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: modifies sabbata; Translation: “your”; Notes: Identifies the community’s appointed rest.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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