Leviticus 23:41

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:41 celebrabitisque sollemnitatem eius septem diebus per annum. legitimum sempiternum erit in generationibus vestris. Mense septimo festa celebrabitis,

and you shall celebrate its solemn festival seven days every year. It shall be a perpetual statute throughout your generations. In the seventh month you shall celebrate the feast,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 celebrabitisque and you shall celebrate 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 sollemnitatem solemn festival ACC.SG.F
3 eius its GEN.SG.M.N.DEM
4 septem seven INVAR.NUM
5 diebus days ABL.PL.M
6 per through PREP+ACC
7 annum year ACC.SG.M
8 legitimum statute NOM.SG.N
9 sempiternum perpetual NOM.SG.N.ADJ
10 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 in in PREP+ABL
12 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F
13 vestris your ABL.PL.F.POSS
14 Mense in the month ABL.SG.M
15 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M.ADJ
16 festa the feast ACC.SG.N
17 celebrabitis you shall celebrate 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Command: celebrabitisque sollemnitatem eius — coordinated legislative future prescribing ritual observance.
Duration Phrase: septem diebus per annum — ablative of time with distributive sense indicating annual repetition.
Statutory Declaration: legitimum sempiternum erit — nominative predicate establishing perpetual legal force.
Sphere of Application: in generationibus vestris — prepositional phrase extending the command across generations.
Temporal Specification: Mense septimo — ablative of time fixing the calendar month.
Restated Obligation: festa celebrabitis — resumptive command reinforcing observance.

Morphology

  1. celebrabitisque — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future active indicative + -que; Function: main command; Translation: “and you shall celebrate”; Notes: Enclitic closely links this command to the preceding ritual instructions.
  2. sollemnitatem — Lemma: sollemnitas; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “solemn festival”; Notes: Refers to an established sacred observance.
  3. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine/neuter; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: “its”; Notes: Points back to the feast just defined.
  4. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed ritual duration.
  5. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “days”; Notes: Length of the celebration.
  6. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: distributive duration; Translation: “through”; Notes: Indicates repetition across each year.
  7. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of per; Translation: “year”; Notes: Annual cycle.
  8. legitimum — Lemma: legitimum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of erit; Translation: “statute”; Notes: Legal terminology denoting binding law.
  9. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifies legitimum; Translation: “perpetual”; Notes: Emphasizes enduring validity.
  10. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Establishes future legal status.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: “in”; Notes: Indicates the domain of application.
  12. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “generations”; Notes: Extends the command beyond the present audience.
  13. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifies generationibus; Translation: “your”; Notes: Identifies the covenant community.
  14. Mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal setting; Translation: “in the month”; Notes: Calendar reference.
  15. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies Mense; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Identifies the sacred month.
  16. festa — Lemma: festum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “the feast”; Notes: Collective reference to the festival observance.
  17. celebrabitis — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: command restated; Translation: “you shall celebrate”; Notes: Reinforces obligation with repetition.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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