Leviticus 23:37

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:37 Hæ sunt feriæ Domini, quas vocabitis celeberrimas atque sanctissimas, offeretisque in eis oblationes Domino, holocausta et libamenta iuxta ritum uniuscuiusque diei:

These are the feasts of the LORD, which you shall call most celebrated and most holy, and you shall offer in them offerings to the LORD, burnt offerings and drink offerings, according to the rite of each individual day;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hæ these NOM.PL.F.DEM
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 feriæ feasts NOM.PL.F
4 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
5 quas which ACC.PL.F.REL
6 vocabitis you shall call 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
7 celeberrimas most celebrated ACC.PL.F.SUPER.ADJ
8 atque and CONJ
9 sanctissimas most holy ACC.PL.F.SUPER.ADJ
10 offeretisque and you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
11 in in PREP+ABL
12 eis them ABL.PL.M.DEM
13 oblationes offerings ACC.PL.F
14 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
15 holocausta burnt offerings ACC.PL.N
16 et and CONJ
17 libamenta drink offerings ACC.PL.N
18 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
19 ritum rite ACC.SG.M
20 uniuscuiusque of each GEN.SG.M.INDEF
21 diei day GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Identificational Clause: Hæ sunt feriæ Domini — demonstrative subject with copula identifying the divinely appointed feasts.
Relative Definition: quas vocabitis celeberrimas atque sanctissimas — relative clause with future indicative assigning official status by designation.
Ritual Command: offeretisque in eis oblationes Domino — coordinated future imperative prescribing offerings within the feasts.
Specification: holocausta et libamenta — appositional objects detailing the types of offerings.
Normative Measure: iuxta ritum uniuscuiusque diei — prepositional phrase establishing conformity to daily prescribed rites.

Morphology

  1. Hæ — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: subject determiner; Translation: “these”; Notes: Points back to the enumerated festivals.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “are”; Notes: Establishes identification.
  3. feriæ — Lemma: feriæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “feasts”; Notes: Cultic festival days.
  4. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  5. quas — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: object of vocabitis; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces defining relative clause.
  6. vocabitis — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: declarative command; Translation: “you shall call”; Notes: Assigns official designation.
  7. celeberrimas — Lemma: celeber; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural superlative; Function: predicate complement; Translation: “most celebrated”; Notes: Highest festal prominence.
  8. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Tightly links attributes.
  9. sanctissimas — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural superlative; Function: predicate complement; Translation: “most holy”; Notes: Supreme degree of sanctity.
  10. offeretisque — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future active indicative + -que; Function: coordinated command; Translation: “and you shall offer”; Notes: Enclitic -que joins closely to the preceding command.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: locative/temporal; Translation: “in”; Notes: Refers to the feast days.
  12. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of in; Translation: “them”; Notes: Points to the feasts.
  13. oblationes — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “offerings”; Notes: General sacrificial gifts.
  14. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: dative of dedication; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Recipient is YHWH.
  15. holocausta — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: appositional object; Translation: “burnt offerings”; Notes: Offerings wholly consumed.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a further category.
  17. libamenta — Lemma: libamentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: appositional object; Translation: “drink offerings”; Notes: Liquid offerings accompanying sacrifices.
  18. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: standard of conformity; Translation: “according to”; Notes: Indicates prescribed norm.
  19. ritum — Lemma: ritus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: “rite”; Notes: Fixed cultic procedure.
  20. uniuscuiusque — Lemma: unusquisque; Part of Speech: Indefinite pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies diei; Translation: “of each”; Notes: Individualizes the daily requirement.
  21. diei — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “day”; Notes: Refers to each specific festival day.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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