Leviticus 23:39

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:39 A quintodecimo ergo die mensis septimi, quando congregaveritis omnes fructus terræ vestræ, celebrabitis ferias Domini septem diebus. die primo et die octavo erit sabbatum, id est requies.

From the fifteenth day therefore of the seventh month, when you shall have gathered all the fruits of your land, you shall celebrate the feasts of the LORD for seven days. On the first day and on the eighth day there shall be a sabbath, that is, rest.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 A from PREP+ABL
2 quintodecimo fifteenth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
3 ergo therefore ADV
4 die day ABL.SG.M
5 mensis of the month GEN.SG.M
6 septimi seventh GEN.SG.M.ADJ
7 quando when ADV
8 congregaveritis you shall have gathered 2PL.FUTP.ACT.IND
9 omnes all ACC.PL.M.ADJ
10 fructus fruits ACC.PL.M
11 terræ of the land GEN.SG.F
12 vestræ your GEN.SG.F.POSS
13 celebrabitis you shall celebrate 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
14 ferias feasts ACC.PL.F
15 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
16 septem seven INVAR.NUM
17 diebus days ABL.PL.M
18 die day ABL.SG.M
19 primo first ABL.SG.M.ADJ
20 et and CONJ
21 die day ABL.SG.M
22 octavo eighth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
23 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
24 sabbatum sabbath NOM.SG.N
25 id that NOM.SG.N.DEM
26 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
27 requies rest NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal Framework: A quintodecimo ergo die mensis septimi — prepositional and genitive construction fixing the calendar starting point.
Temporal Clause: quando congregaveritis omnes fructus terræ vestræ — future perfect indicating completion prior to the celebration.
Main Command: celebrabitis ferias Domini septem diebus — legislative future prescribing the duration of the festival.
Calendar Specification: die primo et die octavo erit sabbatum — ablative phrases marking boundary days.
Appositional Explanation: id est requies — equative clarification defining the sabbath as rest.

Morphology

  1. A — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: temporal starting point; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces the calendrical beginning.
  2. quintodecimo — Lemma: quintodecimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “fifteenth”; Notes: Ordinal date.
  3. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: inferential connector; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Draws a conclusion from prior instructions.
  4. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal noun; Translation: “day”; Notes: Calendar reference.
  5. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Specifies the unit of time.
  6. septimi — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies mensis; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Ordinal identification.
  7. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: Sets the condition for the celebration.
  8. congregaveritis — Lemma: congrego; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of the temporal clause; Translation: “you shall have gathered”; Notes: Completion precedes the main action.
  9. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies fructus; Translation: “all”; Notes: Totality emphasized.
  10. fructus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “fruits”; Notes: Agricultural produce.
  11. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the land”; Notes: Refers to the land granted to Israel.
  12. vestræ — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies terræ; Translation: “your”; Notes: Identifies communal ownership.
  13. celebrabitis — Lemma: celebro; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: main command; Translation: “you shall celebrate”; Notes: Legislative future.
  14. ferias — Lemma: feriæ; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “feasts”; Notes: Sacred festival days.
  15. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  16. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: Fixed duration.
  17. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “days”; Notes: Length of observance.
  18. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal marker; Translation: “day”; Notes: Boundary day indicator.
  19. primo — Lemma: primus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “first”; Notes: Opening day of the feast.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins parallel time markers.
  21. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal marker; Translation: “day”; Notes: Second boundary marker.
  22. octavo — Lemma: octavus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “eighth”; Notes: Concluding day.
  23. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Establishes status.
  24. sabbatum — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “sabbath”; Notes: Sacred rest day.
  25. id — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of explanation; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points to the preceding term.
  26. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: Equative explanation.
  27. requies — Lemma: requies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “rest”; Notes: Defines the essence of the sabbath.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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