Leviticus 23:40

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:40 Sumetisque vobis die primo fructus arboris pulcherrimæ, spatulasque palmarum, et ramos ligni densarum frondium, et salices de torrente, et lætabimini coram Domino Deo vestro.

And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of the most beautiful tree, and palm branches, and branches of thick-leaved wood, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sumetisque and you shall take 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 vobis for yourselves DAT.PL
3 die day ABL.SG.M
4 primo first ABL.SG.M.ADJ
5 fructus fruits ACC.PL.M
6 arboris of a tree GEN.SG.F
7 pulcherrimæ most beautiful GEN.SG.F.SUPER.ADJ
8 spatulasque and palm branches ACC.PL.F+CONJ
9 palmarum of palms GEN.PL.F
10 et and CONJ
11 ramos branches ACC.PL.M
12 ligni of wood GEN.SG.N
13 densarum thick GEN.PL.F.ADJ
14 frondium leaves GEN.PL.F
15 et and CONJ
16 salices willows ACC.PL.F
17 de from PREP+ABL
18 torrente brook ABL.SG.M
19 et and CONJ
20 lætabimini you shall rejoice 2PL.FUT.DEP.IND
21 coram before PREP+ABL
22 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M
23 Deo God ABL.SG.M
24 vestro your ABL.SG.M.POSS

Syntax

Main Command: Sumetisque vobis — coordinated legislative future commanding the taking of ritual items for personal participation.
Temporal Setting: die primo — ablative of time specifying the opening day.
Enumerated Objects: fructus … spatulas … ramos … salices — coordinated accusatives listing the prescribed materials.
Source Phrase: de torrente — prepositional phrase specifying origin.
Resulting Obligation: et lætabimini — deponent future indicating mandated rejoicing.
Divine Presence: coram Domino Deo vestro — prepositional phrase marking worship before YHWH.

Morphology

  1. Sumetisque — Lemma: sumo; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future active indicative + -que; Function: main command; Translation: “and you shall take”; Notes: Enclitic links this act closely with the surrounding ritual commands.
  2. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: “for yourselves”; Notes: Emphasizes personal participation.
  3. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal setting; Translation: “day”; Notes: Calendar reference.
  4. primo — Lemma: primus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “first”; Notes: Marks the initial day of the feast.
  5. fructus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “fruits”; Notes: Fourth-declension plural with collective sense.
  6. arboris — Lemma: arbor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of a tree”; Notes: Specifies the source.
  7. pulcherrimæ — Lemma: pulcher; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular superlative; Function: modifies arboris; Translation: “most beautiful”; Notes: Superlative stressing excellence.
  8. spatulasque — Lemma: spatula; Part of Speech: Noun with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative feminine plural + -que; Function: coordinated object; Translation: “and palm branches”; Notes: Enclitic tightly joins this item to the list.
  9. palmarum — Lemma: palma; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of palms”; Notes: Specifies the type of branch.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the enumeration.
  11. ramos — Lemma: ramus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “branches”; Notes: Additional plant material.
  12. ligni — Lemma: lignum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of wood”; Notes: Specifies material.
  13. densarum — Lemma: densus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: modifies frondium; Translation: “thick”; Notes: Indicates luxuriant foliage.
  14. frondium — Lemma: frons; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of leaves”; Notes: Describes leafy branches.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a final item.
  16. salices — Lemma: salix; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “willows”; Notes: Trees associated with watercourses.
  17. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates origin.
  18. torrente — Lemma: torrens; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “brook”; Notes: Flowing watercourse.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links action to response.
  20. lætabimini — Lemma: lætor; Part of Speech: Deponent verb; Form: second person plural future deponent indicative; Function: command/result; Translation: “you shall rejoice”; Notes: Deponent form with active meaning.
  21. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: presence; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates worship in divine presence.
  22. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of coram; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  23. Deo — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: in apposition to Domino; Translation: “God”; Notes: Identifies the LORD explicitly as God.
  24. vestro — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies Deo; Translation: “your”; Notes: Emphasizes covenant relationship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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